Light Beer versus Dark Beer

Postulation StatementThere are a few contrasts between light lager (which incorporate the accompanying: American Standard Beers, American Light Beers, American Wheat Ales, Belgian Wheat Ales, Hefeweizen, and Pilsners) and dim brew (which incorporate Brown Ales, German Bocks, Nut Brown Ales, Porters, and Stouts). A portion of the distinctions incorporate their sources, the procedures associated with making or delivering it, just as, their notoriety since light lager is undeniably more well known than dull beer.OriginBoth light and dim brew came to exist in 1772 (Chronology.. n.p.). The creation of both started in 1587 when the outsiders of Virginia blended brew using corn (Chronology.. n.p.). At that point twenty years from that point forward, England sent its first shipment of lager to the foreigners of Virginia (Chronology.. n.p.). Two years from that point onward, London were at that point searching for brewers to help those settlers of Virginia; in those days ads which states, â⠂¬Å"American Help Wanted† were posted (Chronology.. n.p.). From that point forward, the principal bottling works has been organized in Manhattan by â€Å"Adrian Block and Hans Christiansen† (Chronology.. n.p.).The establishment of that distillery previously mentioned caused the introduction of â€Å"Jean Vigne† who was the â€Å"first non-local American to turn into the primary brewer horn in Manhattan† (Chronology.. n.p.). Notwithstanding that, following a couple of years, â€Å"Governor Van Twiller† alongside the â€Å"West India Company† manufactured another bottling works in New Amsterdam on Brewers Street (Chronology.. n.p.). This has been trailed by another bottling works which was based on Manhattan Island by Peter Ninuit (Chronology.. n.p.). After such a large number of distilleries have been established, a permit to open a bar in Boston has been granted to a man named Samuel Cole (Chronology.. n.p.).Three years after the fact, the â €Å"first legitimately recorded bottling works in the Massachusetts Bay Colony heavily influenced by Captain Sedgwick has been instituted† (Chronology.. n.p.). At that point another bottling works has been assembled situated in Providence, Rhode Island which has been doled out and to be driven by Sergeant Bauleton (Chronology.. n.p.). Quickly following that, â€Å"Samuel Wentworth has been given a permit to work and mix brew in New Hampshire† in 1670 (Chronology.. n.p.). Two additional distilleries were set up: one out of 1683 which was set up close to Bristol, Pennsylvania and another in 1738 which has been built up in Jekyll Island, Georgia (Chronology.. n.p.). At that point at last following 34 years, dim and light lager have been devised in England (Chronology.. n.p.).Process of Making ItIn making light lager, the main stage is to â€Å"steep the grain in water until it grows or germinates† (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). After that stage in fact alluded to as â €Å"malting†, the grain/malt is then warmed and dried â€Å"in request to prevent the malt from sprouting further† (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.) After that procedure known as â€Å"kilning†, the malt might be simmered further as per favored shading and flavor (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). The following stage is to â€Å"process the dried malt in a factory all together for the external covering of the grain to crack† (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.).After breaking it will put in a holder then it will be poured with high temp water (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). Here, the sugars contained in the grain will be separated and discharged in the water and will thus create a sweet fluid called wort also (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). After that the â€Å"wort† will be bubbled for two hours and bounces will be included (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.).In making dull lager, the equivalent handled is followed aside from that bounces in dim lager are bubbled 30 minutes or all the more (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.).PopularityIt is said that understudies are bound to drink light brews. This is essentially on the grounds that it is simpler to drink than dull ones. Be that as it may, a clinical advancement influenced such fame of light lager since dim brew has been demonstrated to forestall blood clusters (Peck n.p.). Notwithstanding that, it has â€Å"powerful cancer prevention agent effects† (Fauber n.p.).ConclusionBoth light and dull brews were created in 1772 having a similar history. They vary, anyway during the time spent creation it since dim lagers include additional time in bubbling bounces than in light lagers. Likewise, as far as fame, albeit dim lagers are demonstrated to be useful for the wellbeing, more individuals despite everything go for light lagers particularly school students.ReferencesChronology of the American Brewing Industry. n.d. n.a. 22 October 2007http://www.beerhistory.com/library/property/chronology.shtmlFauber, John. Dim Beer Better for Heart. 11 November 2003. The Temple News.22 October 2007http://sanctuary news.com/wp-signup.php?new=media.wwwPeck, Peggy. Dull Beer May be Better for the Heart. 11 November 2003. WebMD.22 October 2007http://www.webmd.com/diet/news/20031111/dull lager might be-better-for-heartSF Brewers Guild. How Beer is Made. n.d. n.a. 22 October 2007http://sfbrewersguild.org/beer.html

Gillette’s Acquisiton of Duracell Essay

The motivation behind this report is to initially talk about the reasons why Duracell’s execution has been diminishing in the course of recent years, and afterward suggest some vital moves Gillette should make to turn Duracell around. This report will start by giving a short presentation on the procurement of Duracell by Gillette, trailed by the reasons it needed achievement, lastly end with the proposed proposals for Duracell. Presently, Gillette’s working sections incorporate individual prepping, little apparatuses, and oral consideration items, and the versatile force portion. In the convenient force section, Duracell’s significant contenders comprise of Energizer and Rayovac while new and rising ones included Sony, Kodak, Panasonic, and other private mark brands. The aggregate passageway of these rivals during the 1990s is the essential explanations behind Gillette’s absence of achievement in the battery business, examined underneath. The key explanation Gillette has been not able to make a similar progress in batteries that it has with shaving items is because of the serious elements in the basic battery industry. The time of four years from 1997 to 2000 experienced quick mechanical development in the antacid battery industry by the significant players as well as from new and little participants in the business. Two of these little players were Sony and Panasonic. Sony presented its â€Å"Stamina Line† of batteries in 1997, which was immediately trailed by Panasonic’s â€Å"Panasonic Plus† to contend with Duracell’s â€Å"Copper top† line. Around the same time, the Rayovac Corporation supplanted its current battery with the Rayovac â€Å"Maximum† and valued the item at 20 percent underneath the two business mammoths †Duracell and Energizer. In the next year (1998), in any case, Gillette propelled its first redesign of Duracell’s contributions named the â€Å"Duracell Ultra†. This new line didn't supplant the first â€Å"Copper Top† line that was contending with the result of Sony and Panasonic in the earlier year but instead, followed Gillette’s normal move with shaving updates of setting a premium on its things. In this way, Ultra was estimated at a 20 percent premium over the more established innovation. Regardless, the opposition was all the while pouring in. The coming of Energizer’s â€Å"Advanced Formula† happened to be in a similar month as Gillette’s Ultra and was professed to last nine percent longer than the than the Ultra. The significant downside for Gillette, in any case, was that no value premium was put on the new overhaul by Energizer and was presented at a similar value point as its past item. Rather than Energizer’s redesign just as hardened rivalry from different players, Gillette propelled the â€Å"new† Ultra in February of 1999 which asserted better execution. This was invalidated by Energizer’s â€Å"super premium† line of batteries portrayed as e2 (propelled in June 2000) and was estimated four to six percent higher than Ultra. At long last, around the same time, Duracell declared its third era of Ultra with more proficiency yet no expansion in cost. This all indicated Gillette’s irregularity as far as estimating and absence of technique. Obviously the acquaintance of the Ultra drove with a progression of new advancements of antacid batteries by both Energizer and Gillette. Gillette had trusted that its developments would be separated items and be seen industry-wide as extraordinary and esteemed. Be that as it may, the organization set too high a value premium so as to accomplish separation for batteries and clients essentially didn't acknowledge the value/execution recommendation Duracell offered its clients. Further, the separation procedure that must give uniqueness esteemed by clients didn't exist as clients saw batteries to be items. One distribution of Consumer Reports even demonstrated that the â€Å"moral on battery shopping is straightforward: purchase by cost. This plainly repudiates Gillett’s methodology of cost premiums for separated contributions and is the prime purpose behind Gillette’s absence of accomplishment. In different portions of Gillette’s business, for example, individual preparing, clients are eager to pay premiums for shaving items since they feel a connection to those items as they are utilized day by day. Endeavoring to move this technique onto batteries didn't work since clients saw batteries as a ware not utilized in their day by day schedule. Then again, organizations like Rayovac have just followed a cost authority methodology and have seen increments in their working edge of 32% from 1998 to 1999 and 66% from 1999 to 2000, individually. The explanations behind Gillett’s absence of accomplishment in batteries have been laid out above. As far as key moves that Gillette should make, it first needs to veer off from its â€Å"differentiation† just strategy that it has utilized for its shaving items since obviously batteries are seen as a ware and clients won't acknowledge significant expense premiums. The proposed suggestion is to accomplish upper hand by incorporating a general cost authority system with separation. This sort of system is commonly harder for contenders to copy and will empower Gillette to give two kinds of significant worth to clients: separated characteristics (high caliber in batteries, notoriety) and lower costs (through lower costs in esteem making exercises). The thought is to give exceptional incentive to clients in a proficient way. At the end of the day, Gillette needs to receive the cost administration procedure and achieve equality based on separation comparative with contenders. Duracell should have the option to remain â€Å"on par† with contenders as for separated items. Essentially, the organization needs to seek after by and large cost administration positions in its batteries portion, yet needs to focus on developing better basic batteries. In progressively down to earth terms, Gillette would first be able to accomplish cost separation with a forceful way to deal with embracing proficient scale offices. Tight expense and overhead control can prompt economies of scale where per unit costs will altogether diminish with bigger creation runs, bigger offices, and dispensing fixed costs, (for example, showcasing and R&D) across more units delivered. Then again, shutting down plants in zones of drooping deals can prompt more prominent efficiencies in costs. Together, these arrangements will shield Gillette from contention of contenders, for example, Energizer and Rayovac (and new contestants) due to Duracell’s solid existing piece of the overall industry (43%) and notoriety in the business. Also, Gillette needs to wipe out little costs that can cumulate over some undefined time frame to yield generous increases. For instance, promoting costs have collected to $370 million from 1998 to 2000 just on account of new item dispatches every year except without need for batteries. These costs can be constrained by just directing optional statistical surveying and breaking down outside sources all the more cautiously, for example, Consumer Reports as they have shown that purchasers are purchasing batteries by cost. At last, Duracell can in any case give its clients the one of a kind worth they want through its notoriety and brand unwaveringness. Presenting a better than ever item with high caliber at regular intervals (as opposed to consistently) will permit clients to look for new quality and worth while keeping up client faithfulness. These are the proposed proposals for Gillette while considering a turnaround system for the versatile force portion and Duracell.

How to Write a True Profile Essay

How to Write a True Profile Essay A good profile essay provides the readers with a thorough portrait of a personality, company, location or an event. This should be a well-crafted story that comprises as much detail about the subject as it’s possible to fit into a few pages of the essay. The word profile means that you should describe and uncover all the hidden aspects of someone or something. It’s a descriptive essay where you don’t have to persuade your readers in something. We’ll give you the steps on how to write a profile essay to make your text stand out. When writing a profile essay, your goal is to prove that your ideas and your descriptions are straight and true to life. It’s good to plan your writing process as well as to plan the whole story. Start thinking about what you already know about the person and what you need to find out. Think of what kind of information sources you will use and how reliable they are. Make a list of actions that you need to take before planning the story itself and we’ll give you the top tips on how to write a good profile essay. What is a profile essay? A profile essay is a kind of descriptive papers where you describe a living being or a thing. It can be anyone you know as a local sports celebrity or a worldwide-known singer. Or it can be any organization that can also be a little local company or a huge worldwide corporation. If you plan to interview someone, think how easy it will be to get in touch with the right person. This type of the essay supposes writing only important and valuable things for the readers. The format of profile essay Once you get the task to write a profile essay, you will feel uncomfortable with its structure. It differs from the structure of an ordinary narrative essay. But here you will have a wider choice of approaches that you can use for writing. Scroll down to see the variants. The first thing to mind is the general tone of the story. You should keep in mind that this is an academic paper, so avoid using “you” and “I” where it’s possible. Your goal is to find a balance between a formal style and the words that will evoke the readers’ interest. Mind the focus as some students make one very common error. They shift the main focus of the story from the personality to themselves. And the author of the essay shouldn’t attract so much attention. This essay is not about you or your ideas. This paper is about the person or the thing that you have chosen yourself. The structure of profile essay A profile essay writing is not rewriting a dialogue from the interview. This is not a description of how good someone or something is. We are giving you the basic tips for writing a profile essay and choosing the right structure for it. There are two major types of the structure that you can choose from: the thematic and the chronological structure. The difference is the order of the pieces of the information that you have collected. Chronological structure It’s the most common case when it comes to profile essays. You can use the chronological order of the interview. It means that you write down the information that came in the first answer. Another approach here is to describe the life of the personality from the early days until nowadays. It’s the easiest way to build up the structure of the text, so you can use it if you have a limited period of time. Thematic structure This approach comprises the use of various situations from the life of the personality. For example, you can take an episode from the family life and another episode from the professional experience. And you can compile a great story by combining the paragraphs. You don’t have to divide the main part of the essay into two or three parts devoting each to one sphere of life. You can mix the paragraphs. But make sure there’s a logical order present in your story. How to interview the person? This is the most thrilling part of the essay preparation especially if it’s one of your favorite celebrities. You can conduct an interview face-to-face or by any kind of online communication. Hopefully, it’s not so difficult to find a profile of the required person in one of the social networks. The most important thing is to figure out what to ask. And your questions should require that person provide you with a nice piece of writing. Make up the questions only after you have examined all the information about the personality. Each of the questions should be interesting for that person, so you could get a full answer containing valuable information for the essay. Don’t ask Yes/No questions or the ones that require only a short answer. And don’t ask too many questions. It will make anyone get bored. Scroll down to see our guide to writing a profile essay. How to write a profile essay outline? An outline is a very detailed plan of the essay. It will help you organize all your ideas and thoughts into a logical structure and craft your first draft with ease. When you have your interview ready, you can start writing the outline. You can do it on paper or in any word processing software. You can even draw some sketches for the outline if it helps you put your thoughts into the right order when writing a profile essay outline. The outline should make you feel comfortable, so you can add as much detail to it as possible. You have three major parts of the essay such as the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. You should divide the outline into three parts as well. The first will be the thesis statement or some facts that will help you develop it. The second part will comprise the key phrases from the interview and the last part will contain a short summary. How to write a profile essay step-by-step? You should already have a good understanding of how to write a strong profile essay. Let’s try to make up the steps on how to write a good profile essay. Follow it and get your essay well crafted. Get in touch with the person We don’t know who you are going to write an essay about, but we’re confident that getting in touch with him or her is the first thing you should do. If you fail to conduct the interview, you will have to look for someone else and you will lose time because of this. You can even get in touch with several people to make sure you will have at least someone for the interview. Think of the title When you know who you will write about, you can think of a catching title that will make the readers look inside of the paper. Of course, you should not forget that you’re crafting an academic paper, but we’re all people and we all want something intriguing and compelling. Don’t make the title boring and don’t rush to use the first words that come to your mind. Define the structure That’s right, you should clear up the structure before conducting the interview. It will be easier for you to think of the questions and see if you have enough information. If you choose the chronological order, you will need to make up questions that will comprise some specific period of time. And if you choose the thematic structure, you should think what aspects you want to write about. Make up the questions This is one of the steps to writing a profile essay that you cannot ignore. Make up from five to ten questions that require telling you a lot of information. Of course, there are magic people that can provide you with only one word even if the question requires a few sentences. You can think of a few more questions that you will use in such a case. Conduct the interview You can do in in several ways: By the phone; By online messengers; By emailing; Face-to-face. Just pick up the most suitable variant and don’t forget to thank the persona for answering your questions. And scroll down to see more tips on how to write a perfect profile essay. Develop the thesis This is the core sentence of the whole paper. It should reflect the reason why you are doing this task and what’s so special about the personality that you are writing the whole essay about him or her. This sentence should also contain the most interesting fact about the person you are writing about. You can start writing the essay from this very sentence and develop the whole story out of it. Get your text ready It’s time to make your outline and your first draft right after it. You can also google how to write a profile essay example to see how other students build up a good composition of the text. Don’t forget to edit and revise your text in a few days after you finish it. And don’t forget to proofread it as well. We have given you the most valuable tips on writing a profile essay, so do your best to make a good impression on the readers.

Fall of Man Depicted in Atwoods Backdrop Addresses...

Fall of Man Depicted in Atwoodsnbsp; Backdrop Addresses Cowboynbsp;nbsp; The sexual politics of the man-woman relationship, or more specifically the sexual exploitation of women by men, is a clear concern in Margaret Atwoods Backdrop Addresses Cowboy. Although the oppressor-as-male theme is by no means an original source of poetic inspiration, Atwoods distinction is that she views the destructive man-woman relationship as a metaphor for, symptom and symbol of, bigger things. From the vantage-point of feminine consciousness, Margaret Atwood empahsizes the backdrop as being not only the woman, but also the land and the spiritual life of the universe; the cowboy is both a man bent on personal gain (possibly an American based†¦show more content†¦Perhaps the creation of a relatively structureless poem intentionally suggests by Atwood that no adequate structure exists to make the images of pain and death meaningful. The literal meaning of the first stanza is not difficult to grasp as it introduces an actor portraying a cowboy against a western backdrop on a movie set. Starspangled suggests his costume is less than authentic and is worn more for commercial appeal than factual representation. The almost-silly west and paper-mache cactus perpetuate the artifice of the western movie by setting a scene which relies on props and phony imagery. Even the actors porcelain grin is weak and easily broken. The implicit reality of this stanza is that the cowboy is a symbol of Americanism. he represents the triumph og man over nature, the taming of the west. the cowboy embodies imperialistic strength and he is idolized for his heroism by millions of people who are influenced by mass-media propaganda, namely, the western movie. The second stanza, though only two lines in length and undifferentiate by lack of punctuation, carries a powerful message. the cowboys virtue is directly compared to the dangerous, criminal potential of a bullet in a simile

Biography of Charles Kettering, Inventor of the Electrical Ignition System

The first electrical ignition system or electric starter motor for cars was invented by General Motors (GM) engineers Clyde Coleman and Charles Kettering. The self-starting ignition was first installed in a Cadillac on February 17, 1911. The invention of the electric starter motor by Kettering eliminated the need for hand cranking. The United States Patent #1,150,523, was issued to Kettering in 1915.   Kettering  founded the company Delco and headed research at  General Motors  from 1920 to 1947.   Early Years Charles was born in  Loudonville, Ohio, in 1876. He was the fourth of five children born to Jacob Kettering and Martha Hunter Kettering. Growing up he could not see well in school, which gave him headaches. After graduation, he became a teacher. He led scientific demonstrations for students on electricity, heat, magnetism, and gravity. Kettering also took classes at  The College of Wooster, and then transferred to  The Ohio State University. He still had eye problems, though, which forced him to withdraw. He then worked as foreman of a telephone line crew. He learned he could apply his electrical engineering skills on the job. He also met his future wife, Olive Williams. His eye problems got better, and he was able to go back to school. Kettering graduated from OSU in 1904 with an  electrical engineering  degree. Inventions Begin Kettering began working at a research laboratory at  National Cash Register. He invented an easy credit approval system, a precursor to todays credit cards, and the electric cash register, which made ringing up sales physically much easier for sales clerks all over the country.  During his five years at NCR, from 1904 to 1909, Kettering earned 23 patents for NCR.   Beginning in 1907, his NCR co-worker  Edward A. Deeds​  urged Kettering to improve the automobile. Deeds and Kettering invited other NCR engineers, including  Harold E. Talbott​, to join them in their quest. They first set out to improve the ignition.  In 1909, Kettering resigned from NCR to work full-time on automotive developments which included the invention of the  self-starting  ignition. Freon   In 1928, Thomas Midgley, Jr. and Kettering invented a Miracle Compound called Freon. Freon is now infamous for greatly adding to the depletion of the earths ozone shield. Refrigerators from the late 1800s until 1929 used the toxic  gases, ammonia (NH3), methyl chloride (CH3Cl), and sulfur dioxide (SO2), as refrigerants. Several fatal accidents occurred in the 1920s because of methyl chloride leakage from  refrigerators. People started leaving their refrigerators in their backyards. A collaborative effort began between three American corporations, Frigidaire, General Motors, and DuPont to search for a less dangerous method of refrigeration. Freon represents several different chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, which are used in commerce and industry. The CFCs are a group of aliphatic organic compounds containing the elements carbon and fluorine, and, in many cases, other halogens (especially chlorine) and hydrogen. Freons are colorless, odorless, nonflammable, noncorrosive  gases  or liquids. Kettering died in November 1958.

Optical Fiber Corp Case Analysis Free Essays

string(248) " substitute for the fiber-to-home and fiber-to-curb applications of either multimode or single mode fibers but by the mid 2000’s the lowered cost of production of single mode fibers will likely make this the preferred choice for these functions\." Case Analysis: Optical Fiber Corporation Introduction Optical Fiber Corporation (OFC) is a financially successful, albeit relatively small manufacturer of multimode optical fibers. The company was founded in 1990. The founders were able to enter the market largely on the basis of acquiring patent licenses from larger optical fiber firms. We will write a custom essay sample on Optical Fiber Corp Case Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now These licenses restricted competition between the entities and provided OFC with instant access to optical fiber technology. In return, OFC’s customer base is limited by the license agreements and royalties of 7% on sales of licensed products (recently renegotiated to 9%) are paid to the licensors. Despite these handicaps the firm has grown in size and profitability. OFC makes several types of multimode optical fiber including specialty niche products they have developed outside of any license agreements. All customers are cable manufacturers that convert the fibers to optical fiber cable. Three such firms account for over 70% of OFC’s revenues. Focusing on customer service, quality and product design and process improvements has proved a winning business model to date. OFC now faces a variety of challenges including the expiration of many of the patents that afford most of its profits. This raises the real possibility of new competitors in the market. Further, while in the past multimode and single mode optical fibers have generally been used for data communications and telecommunications respectively and as such were not in direct competition with each other, the advent of cheaper manufacturing processes for single mode fibers coupled with their inherent ability to transmit data more efficiently over longer distances may make them a more appealing choice for some of the uses that historically have favored multimode fibers. OFC is at now at a crossroads where they must decide if they are to stay in the multimode fiber business only, begin producing single mode fibers as well, or even enter the cabling business with a forward integration strategy. Competition in the Optical Fiber Industry The optical fiber industry is perhaps best considered as two industries that are closely related, the multimode fiber and the single mode fiber industries. The multimode industry in which OFC specializes is very competitive. The United States’ 2001 total optical fiber market was approximately 3. 5 million kilometers only 330 thousand of which was multimode. The value of the multimode market was $65 million that year, only a fifth that of the single mode market. Within the multimode market and a number of fiber manufacturers. The main rivals for OFC are the two licensors to whom they pay royalties. These firms are considerably larger and have greater resources with which to compete. Further, they have a competitive advantage in that they are the recipients of royalty payments rather than the firm making those payments. Also they are in a position to control the extent of OFC’s market penetration at least with respect to their licensed products. OFC has responded by creating high quality products and providing exceptional customer service. In addition, OFC has made improvements to the basic design of some of the licensed fibers making them, in a real sense new products. The R and D department at OFC has also been successful at developing new and less expensive manufacturing processes, which has helped to offset the added overhead of the royalty payments. Finally, OFC has developed specialty fibers with medical, aircraft, aerospace and extreme environment applications. These new fibers will not be subject to royalty payments, competition from new entrants until patents expire years in the future, and generally afford higher profit margins than other optical fiber products. New entrants to the market are a threat to OFC and all other fiber producers. New firms must contend with the high capitalization costs of this technologically demanding and exacting industry. One of the costs of optical fiber production is the R and D required to bring successful products to market. Between 1999 and 2007 the patents for many of the basic fibers produced by OFC and its licensors will expire. New firms entering the market will be free to produce the products once protected under those patents without having incurred any R and D costs. These firms will also be free from royalty payments to licensors or any restrictive covenants such as those under which OFC operates. The industry in general, and OFC in particular, must contend with the purchasing power of its buyers. Optical fiber is converted into optical fiber cable. In the United States there are twenty companies that perform this function. OFC sells over 70% of their fiber to just three. The loss of any of these accounts could be devastating for OFC and places them in a weak position when negotiating prices, at least when the products are those which are readily available from other multimode fiber producers. It is doubtful that switching costs would be high for buyers. Favoring OFC and the optical fiber market are the projections for increased demand for multimode optical fibers at least through the mid 2000’s. Sources of increased demand for multimode fiber are anticipated to include: cable TV, undersea cables, local area networks (LAN) as well as general data communications growth such as computer uses. As noted the single mode optical fiber market is much larger than the multimode market. It too, is expected to see significant growth over the next several years. Single mode fibers have the advantage of efficiently transmitting data over long distances, faster transmission rates and other desirable optical properties but until recently have been more expensive to produce. The advent of cheaper production methods will allow single mode fibers to enter markets that were once dominated by multimode fibers. Production of these fibers requires expensive specialized manufacturing equipment and a significant commitment to R and D. The industry includes one of the OFC licensors. Substitute products for single mode fibers include microwaves, and satellites for telecommunications. Impact seems limited. Copper wire can be used as a substitute for the fiber-to-home and fiber-to-curb applications of either multimode or single mode fibers but by the mid 2000’s the lowered cost of production of single mode fibers will likely make this the preferred choice for these functions. You read "Optical Fiber Corp Case Analysis" in category "Essay examples" Finally, it should be noted that suppliers are unlikely to exert competitive forces on the fiber optics markets. The materials used in the production of fibers are commodities of low value such as glass, certain gases and oxide particles. OFC Strengths OFC has many strengths. The firm is financially strong with record sales and earnings for the last year as well as increased manufacturing capacity. Furthermore, there was a $20 million backlog for optical fibers in the last year and orders are increasing. There was net income of $6. 1million on revenue of $48. million in 2002. The Quick Ratio, a measure of a firm’s ability to meet short-term debt obligations (Current Assets – Inventories)/Current Liabilities = ($31. 0m – $6. 6m)/$12. 5 = 2. 0 is very solid. Return on equity (Net Income/Equity) = $6. 1m/$44. 0m = 13. 9% is also very impressive. OFC has developed new specialty products for medical, military, commercial aircraft, aerospace and severe environment uses . These are likely to receive patents and will not require royalty payments and will be protected from competitors for years to come. The firm has a variety of options to confront the challenges of the changing market place. OFC has patent licenses to produce optical cables that would allow for forward integration if they chose to move in that direction. Engineers at OFC have been able to find new ways to produce old products more efficiently reducing production costs. They have also developed adaptations of existing products to create new and unique demands for those products. OFC is in an industry that is expected to enjoy strong growth for at least the next several years. That demand will come from a variety of industries adding stability to the market. The equipment needed to produce optical fiber is expensive and the expertise demanding creating, a relative barrier to entry. Copper wire as a substitute is relatively expensive and as technological advances decrease the cost of optical fibers copper will become a non-entity. Perhaps most importantly, OFC has a strong reputation for quality, service and competitive pricing. OFC Weaknesses OFC is a small company. They were only able to enter the market by virtue of other firms’ products and license agreements. Those licenses have protected OFC from competition but have also limited the scope of its customer base and added significant fixed costs in royalty payments. Royalties will now increase to 9% (after paying a one time $3 million fee) on 85% of sales. Furthermore, while OFC is paying royalties to use these patents new entrants may soon be competing as patents expire. These firms will have essentially no R and D expense and of course no royalty payments potentially allowing them to produce at costs below those of OFC. OFC must also contend with a limited number of buyers. Over 70% of sales are to just three cable producers. The ability of OFC to increase prices to these large purchasers is doubtful. If even one of these customers were lost to an alternative fiber optic producer the effect on OFC could be dramatic. OFC operates in a competitive industry that will become more so with time. Copper wire manufacturers will turn to optical cable production to stay relevant. Overseas producers, already sources of competition to OFC, are likely to play a larger role in the future. Finally, OFC’s success has been built on quality, service and innovation. One or more competitor can potentially offer all of these. OFC’s Core Competencies OFC manufactures multimode, high quality optical fiber for cabling companies that convert that fiber into cable for a variety of data communications uses. The firm has a reputation for low prices and excellent customer service. Much of their success can be attributed to their R and D program, which has developed cost saving production technologies as well as product innovations. More recently, OFC has shown itself to be an innovator, developing entirely new multimode optical fiber products that fill a variety of unique niche functions. To continue producing and selling multimode optical fiber successfully, OFC needs to prepare for increased competition as patent protections expire. As new entrants begin producing many of the higher volume OFC products, likely at lower cost given their lack of R and D and royalty expenses, OFC will need to spend additional resources on developing decreased costs of production if they are to continue selling those products profitably. They will need to maintain their focus on quality and customer service. In part that will require continued product testing. They may wish to explore, however, if testing 100% of products as is current policy is necessary or if testing samples from each batch would serve as well and save money. OFC will need to continue to support R and D to develop new products and patentable improvements on existing ones. Options Available for Growth Pursuit of Niche Markets OFC has already demonstrated an ability to develop marketable niche multimode fibers. Previously created are fibers able to withstand high radiation nvironments for nuclear reactor and military applications, a fiber that can tolerate deep underwater submersion and a third tolerant of high heat conditions. They have also successfully experimented with a fiber capable of transmitting UV light and another with unique medical and scientific uses. To continue their development program for specialty fibers will require annual R and D spending increases of $400,000 and an additional annual expenditure for three new staff totaling $325,000. Outside firms can be hired to handle sales for 10% commissions. When sales volumes are adequate, salaried OFC employees can be used instead. The calculation as to when this makes financial sense for the firm is simple; when 10% of sales exceed the salary and benefit expenses of the needed in-house sales force then sales should become an OFC operation. The advantage of niche products is the lack of competition and relatively higher margins. Develop Single Mode Fiber Capacity OFC could choose to enter the much larger single mode fiber market. It is estimated that this will require a capital investment of $4 million for new plant and equipment. It will take a year for the new facilities to be operational. There will also be a reported one time R and D expense of $2. 5 million. This is a first year expense so it cannot be capitalized. It can reasonably be assumed that there will be additional R and D expenses going forward although presumably these would be considerably lower than the initial expense. Entering the single mode market places OFC in competition with larger firms than it currently faces with greater resources to sell products with thinner margins and would divert OFC resources from their core business functions. Forward Integration A third option for OFC is to produce optical cable. The required patent licenses are available. Two options for this forward integration strategy exist. OFC can commit $5 million in capital investments and plan on spending an additional $500,000 annually for R and D or they can simply purchase a cabling company for an estimated $10 – 15 million in capital expenditure. There is currently an excess supply of cable and cabling firms and several are in danger of bankruptcy and so an acquisition should be feasible. Forward integration raises several concerns. Regardless of the approach taken, entering the fiber optic cable business will be expensive for OFC. This is a market that is already experiencing an excess of capacity so it can be assumed that at least for some time to come profits in the cabling industry will be squeezed. This is not a core business function of OFC but to pursue cable production will be so expensive as to necessarily draw resources away from some of the firm’s core activities, activities that are likely to be more profitable and entail less financial risk. Finally, one needs to consider that all of OFC’s customers are cable producers. If OFC enters this market they will become a competitor of their customers. It seems highly probable that at least some of these optical fiber buyers will respond in a retaliatory manner and switch to alternate suppliers. Most of OFC’s products are not unique and can be supplied by their licensors. The three large buyers would seem in a particularly strong position to adversely respond to any entry into the cabling market by OFC. OFC Policy Statement In choosing a direction for the future growth of OFC several considerations should be kept in mind. First, OFC has been successful in large part because of its focus on quality. Any efforts at growth should not come at the expense of producing high quality products. Second, the firm must continue to provide a high level of customer service. This should include responsiveness to customers’ needs for new products and product features when those offerings are commensurate with the firm’s vision, available or attainable expertise and when economically viable. Finally, the firm should continue to fund R and D efforts to allow for a continuous pipeline of new products and improvements to existing ones in an effort to maintain a unique competitive position in the market. OFC has been successful in competing against larger firms by avoiding head to head competition. Initially this was accomplished through license agreements alone. Later, the firm was able to create unique improvements to existing products and processes that gave it an advantage. Most recently OFC has created unique patentable products. These represent three different ways of avoiding direct competition. Despite their growth, OFC remains a relatively small firm in the optical fiber space and should continue to eschew direct competition when possible, realizing that the market is dominated by larger and better-funded firms. Recommendations OFC should stay out of the cable producing business. This market is the least profitable, most expensive to enter and likely to have the lowest return on investment. It is also likely to result in retaliation by current customers and reduced sales. The single mode market is much larger than the multimode market but as a consequence will bring OFC in contact with larger firms that already have the equipment and knowledge base to produce these products. A small firm with limited resources should not leave its core competencies behind to take on firms that are already in place. OFC needs to continue to make niche products whether they are improvements on old multimode fibers or new fibers with unique properties and functions. This firm will never be a big player in the highly competitive optical fiber industry, they arrived too late and don’t have the capital to displace the dominant firms. Given that projections are for most of the increased demand for optical fibers to occur through the mid to late 2000’s OFC may want to watch for an opportune time to sell to one of these larger entities, perhaps a single mode fiber producer to whom the OFC product line would prove complimentary. How to cite Optical Fiber Corp Case Analysis, Essay examples

Caring Culture for Oncology Nursing Practice-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCaring Culture for Oncology Nursing Practice. Answer: Introduction The nurse is the heart of health care. Oncology nursing is among the most challenging yet rewarding fields. Nurses have a lot of roles to play when it comes to patient care. The oncology nurses deal with a cancer patient, these are patients with chronic illness who need a lot of care. Oncology nurses always have the majority of work in the hospitals, they do a lot of chores related to caring for patients within the medical facilities right from diagnosis. In the past ten years, a majority of nurses raised a lot of issues or rather concern related to the quality of healthcare services they provided to the patients in the medical facilities. Nurses complained about too much workforce within their areas of expertise which in turn resulted to poor health care for the patients with chronic illness. The ecology nurses are an important team in the healthcare sector, these nurses often go through emotional and psychological problems relating to their caregiving at the health institutions. Cancer treatment involves a lot of things and stages most of the cancer patients who are under treatment cannot do their daily living activities, they need the support of the nurse in doing some basic activities like bathing, feeding, among others (Prescher-Hughes, Alkhoudairy, 2007). The nurses also provide both emotional and psychological support to the patients as part of their caregiving. Patients with cancer go through a lot of processes and throughout the sessions, it is the nurses who provide all information needed for the purpose of treatment, and therapy sessions. Changes in Ecology nursing in the past 5-10 years Nurses in the past ten years had a lot of inconsistency related to the care of cancer patients because some lacked required knowledge on how to take care of cancer patient, and the nurses were few compared to today. Nursing informatics and telemedicine are some of the two nursing specialties out of many others that have experienced dramatic adjustment in the last ten years. The new technology experienced over and over again today has somehow helped the nurses in advancing healthcare treatment for patients in medical facilities. With the increase in technology concerning cancer care, new cancers are emerging and even more expected in the future, hence the rapidly growing demand for much more improved technology for cancer care for the patient (Chernecky, Murphy-Ende, 2009). The oncology nurses use informatics and telemedicine nursing to take care of patients with chronic diseases. Telemedicine is adversely changing how the nurses provide patient care with the increasing number of intensive care units. This technology has greatly increased ability in monitoring the progression of vital signs, adjusting patients safety, identifying unstable psychological status, and also detecting arrhythmias and preventing falls among others (Chatswood, Barton-burke, Krau, 2017). These specialties in nursing have increased leadership opportunities and general health care for patients with chronic illnesses (Yarbro, Buchsel, 2005). Oncology nurses play the majority roles and its important that these nurses are also cared fo r in order to provide a better service delivery. The number of oncology nurses is today increasing with the new registered nurses being trained in their specialty for an improved service delivery to the consumers Rice, n.d. There are some factors which sometimes hinder adequate health care services to patients with chronic illness and the nurses quality of work for example, the increase in demand for care to patients whose numbers are relatively high than the nurses, the aging workforce, decreasing interests in private practices, lack of adequate knowledge on how to care for patients with chronic illnesses, rural areas are sidelined, and burnout which has been the major problem (Fieler, Hanson, 2000). These problems affecting nurses are the major reasons as to why some patients end up not getting the required treatment and even some patients end up dying because of lack of adequate information and knowledge on their treatment schedules. Nurses are human as well and despite the fact that they are guided by laws and principles, they sometimes also fall victims of the situation. Their responsibility to handle emotional and psychological situations that the patient is going through is not easy and thats why sometimes they get affected mentally, physically and emotionally and therefore, not fit to offer quality care for the patients (Stoller, Stoller, 2016). With the evolution of new technology in cancer treatment, the nurses are being trained on how to handle such kind of pain and difficult situations for them to also help the patients with chronic illness in their pain and agony (Neeraja, 2011). Person centered perspective There has been cancer treatment in the past decades and with the rapid increase in the change in technology, research, and treatment, there has been a big gap closed in relation to cancer patients care and treatment mortality rate. The oncology nurses today have the knowledge required for them in handling cancer patients right from diagnosis to the whole treatment process till recovery and nurses bear the responsibility of taking care of the patients with a positive attitude and optimism to make the patient feel comfortable during their treatment (Christ, Messner, Behar, 2015). Nurses have various roles that are required of them when taking care of the patients. First, it is their responsibility is the patient's assessment, the nurses should be able to assess a patients past health history, emotional and physical health, health practices and to make the family have a knowledge of the disease and treatment required (Barton-Burke, Wilkes, Ingwersen, 2001). The second role of the oncology nurses is to educate the patient, these nurses often have a priority compared to other members of the health team in having a one on one communication with the patient. The nurses educate both the patient and family members to familiarize them with the disease and its stages of treatment for the purpose of working in a unified manner with the family for a positive outcome at the end of the patients treatment. Another role of oncology nurses is coordination of care which is the most important role as it puts together multiple and complicated current technologies used in cancer diagnosis and treatment. This care involves direct care to the cancer patient and this is done through, management of symptoms, arranging referrals, medical record documentation and getting involved in therapy sessions (Moorcraft, Lee, Cunningham, 2014). The patients have the right to take the nurse's contact detail in case of any inquiry about health-related issues concerning the patients treatment. With improved modern cancer care, coordination also involves communication with different health staff to improve health care to cancer patients. Evidence of finding from observation There are variable responses concerning the question of the level of satisfaction working in oncology. Some caregivers said that they were satisfied with the care and support they gave to their patients and that they are happy seeing their patients get the help they need in a professional way. Others said that oncology is so depressing and it is sad for them because they know that cancer cannot be cured and they get worried about the patient and the care that their family will have to give them on a daily basis. But at the end, no one was willing to leave their area of expertise. Different cancer patients experience different situations during their treatments, there are those who experience great care from their caregivers throughout their treatment period and those who have had a difficult time with their caregivers during their treatment (Barraclough, 1999). A patient who experienced great care from the caregiver said that, building the bond between her and the caregiver was the b est thing she ever did, this is because it is through that bond that she was able to learn a lot about her sickness and the treatment process, it is through the bond that she had the courage and believe that she would go through the treatment process with someone who believed in her and gave her the best care when she really needed it (McCormack and McCance 2006). She continues to say that relationship with the caregiver is very vital because the caregiver provides a lot of support both to the patient and the family, and with that, she had a positive attitude towards the treatment and her medications. Another patient said that through good communication and understanding with the caregiver, she was able to open up and ask her caregiver any question that came into her mind and she never hesitated to answer any single one of them. And through this, the caregiver was able to know her preference and how she wanted her treatment to be which has really been great impact throughout the treatment period. Those patients who do not get along with the nurses often have a hard time during their treatment, because they have low self-esteem and a negative attitude towards themselves. And these patients often do their own research and do what they think is right for them and the majority end up having complex symptoms which worsen their conditions. Caregivers are there to offer care to their patients and thats their area of expertise. It is important that they learn how to deal with patients because most of them are frustrated and gave up. Their training should incorporate dealing with such issu es, but on the other hand, it is the patients responsibility to get along with the caregivers for them to get better treatments by understanding their disease and the treatment process involved (McCormack and McCance 2006). If a patient gives a nurse a humble time and an opportunity to work professionally then the patient will develop a positive energy in going through her treatment. Communication as a tool in oncology nursing The current caring culture experienced by patients has improved compared to the past decades. In todays care environment the nurses have better skills and knowledge required of them however much it has not yet fully hit the targets. According to Garrett, Happ, Costello, FriedOken (2007) the strategies, techniques, and devices of Argumentative and alternative communication (AAC) can be used significantly to solve communication barriers that may hinder effective communication (Bott, Endacott, Watts, 2006). Effective communication is identified as a necessity across the health care repeatedly because it directly affects the quality of patient care. This communication care model is important in any kind of environment, it is through communication that the caregiver is able to understand the patients need. Therefore, communication is a vital tool the current caring culture because, through communication, the nurse is able to educate the patient and also listen to the patient, it is throu gh communication that both the nurses and patient can come to a consensus and it is important also in the decision making process (Happ, Roesch, Garrett, 2004). Communication has adversely increased the patient-nurse relationship which has positively influenced the patients participation in the treatment. This care model is based on a patient-centered model which enhances understanding of the patients need. This tool has mostly been used in different health care specialties to understand the patients need and to assist them in solving issues that may arise. Through communication patients can easily express themselves, for example a patient who cannot read and write would need the help of a nurse to maybe help in filling forms and explaining medical terms, without communication there cannot be quality health care but instead misunderstandings, and this can lead to poor diagnosis which may later create a lot of complications to the patient. Quality services benefit both the patient and the nurse and this is the reward of most nurses, to see that their patients have fully recovered or on their journey to recovery (O'Donnell, 2008). If the nurses are committed to quality care services by involving the patients in every step required by educating them and at the same time hearing their views reduces the risk of poor treatment of such patients. The current caring culture has nurtured caregive rs to be the immediate contact person of the patient, and this practice has helped a lot because it creates instant responses because of a good communication channel. If a patient starts experiencing different reactions after a certain treatment and they communicate with the caregiver explaining what he feels, the caregiver will immediately take action and look for an alternative for the patient. Communication as a tool is also important between the caregivers and the health team in a medical facility, because through communication, and the nurse is able to ask the health team questions about particular symptoms and even seek the necessary advice from the healthcare team on how to handle situations regarding a patients illness Wittenberg-Lyles, 2013. All this is important because it can affect the patients outcome positively or negatively. The current health care has advanced the communication system between caregiver and the patient by introducing the telemedicine through which they can monitor their patients and communicate even if they are not within the health facility. With this improved communication system the patients are certain of quality treatment and assessment by their caregivers. Although nurses should not only rely on technology as the basis of communication. Patients with chronic illness may sometimes develop some conditions overnight. Some patients may stop hearing, talking, seeing, and even stroke which may interfere with the brain also known as behavioral barriers. According to Kissane (2017), it would be of help if the nurses are trained on other means of communication so that if in any case, the patient experience such difficulties the nurse is still in a position to take care of the patient without having a misunderstanding or looking for an interpreter. In such cases, the nurse will have to reevaluate the methods of communication in order to understand the patient. This may not be an easy task if the nurse has no single idea on how to adapt to a patients condition causing some nurses to react in return the patient may be affected and they may refuse to communicate. Another communication barrier that may hinder communication between the caregiver and the patient is a language barrier. People come from different communities speaking different languages, which some nurses may not understand, this will force the nurse to look for someone who speaks the same dialect to translate and this may lead to slow and late treatment of the patient. Cultural barrier also affects communication because of the diverse culture that people come from, for example, a patient can be from a culture where they do not know how to read and write but with AAC it is possible to support health literacy for this kind of patients (Yarbro, Wujcik, GobeL, 2011). Recommendation Training of nurses is a recommendation that would go a long way to helping to curb these kinds of barriers which may affect effective communication. Health literacy is important to all patients, especially with chronic illness. There should be public awareness in educating the patients of symptoms of different diseases and illnesses in order to improve response to medical checkups. However much technology has adversely improved health care for patients with chronic illness, the care given to them is way more important than the treatment its self, meaning nurses are a necessity to any healthcare facility. The nurses should develop a positive culture whereby they understand their patients despite their barriers. They should also create a bond with their patients for the purpose of understanding each other and progressing together throughout the treatment and decision making (Patlak, Levit, 2009). The government should also put in adequate measures to help improve the nurses welfare. T he government should train more nurses about oncology nursing to help in reducing fatigue and other factors that may influence low productivity in caregiving (Chang, Daly, 2016). The government should also put in place adequate facilities in the health facilities to accommodate all cancer patients including those in rural places who need care units for the need of better treatment. Information should be spread throughout to reach everyone including the indigenous groups and those who live in rural areas to be aware of the chronic disease and their effects. The human resource should implement strategic measures that protect the nurses by introducing shifts in the workforce because the nurses also have families and due to excess work and the demand they do not have time for their families. The patients need great care throughout their treatment and they should also be cooperative and open to the nurses for them to have quality treatment because through cooperation the nurses will be able to understand what they want and help them or advise them accordingly ((Schaffer, NorlandeR, 2009). Conclusion Cancer is the chronic illness that affects people across all ages and those who are at high risk of getting cancer are those in the old age. Cancer comes in different form and shape, and we have a wide variety of cancer types and with the improved technology more types of cancer are being discovered. Cancer patients are vulnerable and their treatment can make them go through a lot of pain, weight loss, and hair loss among others and throughout the treatment they have the oncology nurses who are their caregivers and managers. Oncology nursing demands a lot of time, care, and demand. These nurses are the caregivers and they have taken it as their responsibility to make sure that patients who are suffering from chronic illness get absolute care throughout their treatment. It is our responsibility to be patient with the nurses and also understand their pain and struggle in taking care of the patients. Nurses are the backbone of any health facility because they are the ones who provide a majority of the services in the health facilities. Nurses are a phenomenon in their line of duty and they deserve rewards and appreciation for the work they are doing because they sacrifice their time and energy to make sure that the patients have the best care as possible. Nurses undergo a lot of stressors especially when they see they see a cancer patient dying, this makes the other cancer patient not to fight back, but the nurses take in all their patients and families pain but they do not give up on their patients, they care for them to the very end. Without the caregivers, most cancer patients would not make it because of the kind of work that the nurses do in order to support them through the process of treatment. Above all the government has done a tremendous job in supporting new technology and funding researches with the aim of better health care treatment for patients with chronic illness. References Barraclough, J. 1999.Cancer and emotion: a practical guide to psycho-oncology. Chichester, J. Wiley. Barton-Burke, M., Wilkes, G. M., Ingwersen, K. 2001.Cancer chemotherapy: a nursing process approach. Sudbury, MA, Jones and Bartlett. Bott, M., Endacott, R., Watts, R. 2006. "Barriers in Providing Psychosocial Support for patients with cancer." Cancer Nursing. 29(4):309-316. Chang, E. M. L., Daly, J. 2016.Transitions in nursing: preparing for professional practice. Chatswood, N.S.W., Barton-burke, M., Krau, S. D. 2017.Advances in oncology nursing. Available at https://nls.ldls.org.uk/welcome.html?ark:/81055/vdc_100040750099.0x000001.Elsevier. Chernecky, C. C., Murphy-Ende, K. 2009.Acute care oncology nursing. https://www.cli Christ, G. H., Messner, C., Behar, L. C. 2015.Handbook of oncology social work: psychosocial care for people with cancer. Fieler, V. K., Hanson, P. A. 2000.Oncology nursing in the home. Pittsburgh, Penn, Oncology Nursing Press. Garrett, K., Happ, M.B., Costello, J. FriedOken, M. 2007. AAC in the ICU. In D. Beukelman, K. Garrett, K. Yorkson, (Eds.) Augmentative Communication Strategies for Adults with Acute or Chronic Medical Conditions. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Company. Happ, M., Roesch, T. Garrett, K. 2004. "Electronic voice output communication aids for temporarily nonspeaking patients in a medical intensive care unit." Heart and Lung, vol.33, no.1 pp 92-101. Kissane, D. W. 2017.Oxford textbook of communication in oncology and palliative care. [Place of publication not identified], oxford Univ Press. McCormack B and McCance T 2006. "Development of a framework for person centered nursing." Journal of Advanced Nursing, 56(5): 1-8. McCormack B and McCance T 2006. "Making practice visible: The Workplace Culture Critical Analysis Tool (WCCAT)."Practice Development in Health Care. Vol. 8. No. 1. pp 28-43. Moorcraft, S. Y., Lee, D. L. Y., Cunningham, D. 2014.Clinical problems in oncology: a practical guide to management. Neeraja, K. P. 2011.Textbook of communication and education technology for nurses. New Delhi, Jaypee Bros. Medical Publishers. O'Donnell, D. 2008.Problem solving in oncology. Oxford, England: Clinical Publishing Press. Patlak, M., Levit, L. A. 2009.Ensuring quality cancer care through the oncology workforce: sustaining care in the 21st century; workshop summary. Washington, D.C., National Academies Press. Available at https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=3378493. Prescher-Hughes, D. S., Alkhoudairy, C. J. 2007.Clinical practice protocols in oncology nursing. Sudbury, Mass, Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Rice, V. H. n.d..Handbook of stress, coping, and health: implications for nursing research, theory, and practice / Virginia Hill Rice, editor. Schaffer, M., NorlandeR, L. 2009.Being present: a nurse's resource for end-of-life communication. Indianapolis, IN, Sigma Theta Tau International. Stoller, P., Stoller, M. 2016.Climbing the mountain: cancer, exercise, and well-being. Wittenberg-Lyles, E. 2013.Communication in palliative nursing. Oxford, Oxford University Yarbro, C. H., Buchsel, P. C. 2005.Oncology nursing in the ambulatory setting: issues and models of care. Sudbury, Mass, Jones and Bartlett Publishers. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=4037411. Yarbro, C. H., Wujcik, D., GobeL, B. H. 2011.Cancer nursing: principles and practice. Sudbury, Mass, Jones and Bartlett Publishers. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=3319239.

The Odyssey Calypso And Circe Paper Essay free essay sample

The Odyssey: Calypso And Circe Paper Essay, Research Paper 4 ) # 8220 ; The Nature of Women Portrayed by Circe and Calypso In Homer # 8217 ; s composing, The Odyssey, the functions adult females play are really important. The best illustrations of the true nature of adult females occur when Odysseus encounters Circe and Calypso. These two characters illustrate the ideas and feelings of how adult females how a adult female feels and how they think. As the quotation mark provinces, Circe and Calypso exemplify how adult females truly can be cunning, intelligent, underhand, unpatriotic, and cruel. In contrast to combat with work forces, Cyclops, or animate beings, sexual conflicts with adult females are sometimes much more hard to win. These two female characters are particularly luring to Odysseus because they are goddesses. Though it is apparent that Odysseus longs to return to Penelope in Ithaca, it sometimes appears that he has lost vision of what life was like with a married woman, a boy, and with 1000s of people who regard him as King. We will write a custom essay sample on The Odyssey Calypso And Circe Paper Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Although his experiences on the islands of these goddesses were similar in that he was retained from Ithaca for the longest periods of his escapade, these goddesses and the ways that Odysseus reacts to his experiences with them represent two really different facets of Odysseus # 8217 ; life and temperament in life. When Odysseus and his work forces arrive on Circe # 8217 ; s island, they are still in reasonably good form. In Book X, lines 194-196, Odysseus says: # 8220 ; I climbed to a bouldery topographic point of observation and looked at the island, and the eternal sea lies all in a circle around it. # 8221 ; I believe this illuminates a really of import facet in Circe # 8217 ; s inclinations. She doesn # 8217 ; t seem to desire to do any existent injury to the work forces, but wants to encircle these work forces with her nutrient, vino, and lecherousness. She seems to be obsessed with lecherousness and material ownerships, and it is my belief that she represents all that i s weak in adult females ( at least in Homer # 8217 ; s clip ) . In lines 294-296, Hermes is confer withing Odysseus on how to avoid injury from Circe: # 8220 ; hotfoot frontward against Circe, as if you were ramping to kill her, and she will be afraid, and invite you to travel to bed with her. # 8221 ; Circe besides shows us as readers Odysseus # 8217 ; failing towards lecherousness and gender. This clip spent on Circe # 8217 ; s island was a trial of whether he could defy lecherousness from a goddess, and he fails. At first it appears as though the lone ground Odysseus sleeps with Circe is to recover his comrades, but she easy persuades them to remain. What makes it worse is the fact that Odysseus is non even the first one ready to travel. His work forces are the 1s who urge him to go forth: # 8220 ; What ails you now? It is clip to believe about ou R ain country† ( Book X, line 472 ) . At a glimpse, it appears that Odysseus is simply yielding to Circe’s strategies for grounds related to their wellness and good being, if we read between the lines, we shortly get down to recognize that Odysseus is weak in the rapacious custodies of lecherousness. Odysseus arrives on Calypso’s island in her cave. At first, it seems like Odysseus doesn’t seem much to mind her taking attention of him, but over clip it is obviously apparent that he is unhappy with her. When Hermes arrives on Calypso’s island to give her the message from Zeus to let go of Odysseus, he is bellowing on the beach– a daylong activity for him. Calypso is keeping him with her by force ; she has no comrades to assist him back to Ithaca, nor has she a ship to direct him in. Athena pleads with Zeus to give Odysseus good luck, stating that â€Å"he lies away on an island agony strong strivings in the castle of the nymph Calypso, and she detains him by restraint, and he can non do his manner to his state, for he has non any ships by him, nor any comrades who can convey him back across the sea’s broad ridges† ( Book V, lines 13-17 ) . Odysseus’s visit to Calypso island, and his drawn-out stay, shows his stamp side, when he is separated by decease from his crew, cognizing he has no pick but to stay with Calypso, yet he still mourns for Penelope, Telemachus, and Ithaca. Calypso feels it is her right to maintain Odysseus. After all, it was her raising and love that saved him from decease. She loves him and wanted to do him immortal with her so they could populate together for all infinity, but he still longs to return to his place. This shows Odysseus’ hope, finding, and enormous love for his place. Most people would hold given up hope by this clip. Odysseus’ experience with Calypso reflects his strength and diligence, though he cries all twenty-four hours everyday. It is rather dry. C alypso seems to stand for womanly green-eyed monster. She knows he has a married woman waiting in Ithaca for him, yet she continues to retain him for her ain selfish felicity. She seems to be a small unsure if she is greater in beauty than Penelope when she assures Odysseus that she exceeds Penelope by far in that country. It seems that she knew what his answer would be and simply wanted to hear it from his oral cavity. Circe and Calypso are two really outstanding reverses in Odysseus # 8217 ; return to Ithaca. I believe the ground these two topographic points detained him for longer than any other topographic point was because Odysseus, when in the presence of these beautiful goddesses, was weakened badly. It # 8217 ; s the common, dateless narrative of the power adult females hold over work forces when it comes to sex.

Geology Term Paper Topics

Geology Term Paper Topics Writing a geology paper requires significant efforts and knowledge on the topic. A geology term paper, is something you write to show all your knowledge on the geology topics, and it represents your overall efforts during a big part of your geology course. A geology term paper is a very important paper, as in most cases the final grade consists of 80% of your geology term paper. In order to be able to write a sound geology term paper – you have to come up with a great geology term paper topic. These geology term paper topics can be absolutely different, and they depend only on your willingness to discuss a specific geology term paper topic. If you want to earn a very good grade – you have to be ready to write a geology term paper on a hard and interesting geology term paper topic. Your geology term paper topic has to represent your overall knowledge on the subject, hence – you need to pick a geology term paper topic that covers most parts of your geology course.   If you are having difficulties with choosing a good term paper topic on geology – try consulting your geology professor, or your geology term paper advisor. He will definitely give you an idea of what to write about and also give you some specific tips on how to write a good geology term paper. If you are not able to contact your professor – you might want to ask CustomWritings.com for geology term paper topics writing assistance. We understand that some students, if not all, have problems writing various term papers, and we gladly offer our term paper writing help and term paper writing assistance. There is nothing we can not accomplish, so be sure to ask – and we will immediately get to work to help you with all your geology term paper topics. Another important aspect of writing on any geology term paper topics – is research. Before even starting to write your own geology term paper – you have to analyze and make synthesis of everything that was done before you. That way you will get a more clear idea on what you should write about, and maybe get some tips and ideas which you would like to implement in your own paper. Caution! When you are using someone else’s work in order to write your own – you need to cite and reference everything accordingly. Not a single quotation must stay incited.   Academic institutions feel very strongly about incited material, and may even accuse you of plagiarism. In this case you either get an enormous grade deduction, or in the worst scenario, you can get expelled from the academic institution. Be careful with every source you use, as it may be crucial for all your geology term paper topics. After research has been made – you can start developing a geology term paper structure, using which you will write your geology term paper. Always use a geology term paper topic outline, as it will definitely help you structure all your ideas into a great term paper. Avoid jumping from one hypothesis to another one. Make sure that every statement you write in your term paper is proved with proper evidence, and that the reader is convinced with every thought and idea you express in geology term paper topics. Here is a list of the most popular geology essay topics: 1. Glacial Geology 2. Geology hydrothermal vents 3. Geology Field Trip Report 4. Coastal Erosion Geology 5. Broad Analysis of Igneous Rocks in Earths Geology 6. Coastal Erosion Geology 7. The Geology of Mt. Kilauea 8. Background Info on Geology 9. Geology of the Alps 10. Indiana Geology 11. Manitou Springs Geology 12. Geology of the Great Lakes

EM200-1501B-02 Introduction to Website Development Phase 1 IP Assignment

EM200-1501B-02 Introduction to Website Development Phase 1 IP - Assignment Example The main page is usually the first page to be seen when one visits a web page. The main page has enriched information regarding the website. Main pages contain graphic images describing the function of the site. A main page also contains links to other pages within the site. The primary function of a main page is to give access to other pages on the website. This is achieved by providing links to articles, pages and other files contained in the website. Main pages also contain a search box to help visitors quickly access data and information they are looking for on a website. A websites primary page also explains the core functions of the internet site to its visitors (Gareth, 2003). A header in a general computer context is the top portion of an electronic file. In a web page context, a header can be said to be a ‘banner’. It can be defined as the top portion that contains the name, logo and general information about a website. A header is consistent throughout the website appearing at the top of all pages it contains. The headers primary function is to communicate with visitors on what the website is for and what it does. To accomplish this, a header usually contains the company’s logo and in most cases its slogan or motto. A good header attracts visitors’ attention, sparks their curiosity, and prompts them to look for more in the website. Since it is the first object to be seen on a website, a header creates a focus point for a visitor and encourages him/her to continue browsing the site. Depending on its image and color, a header can also improve the visibility of the website (Gareth, 2003). In a general computer context, footer is the bottom portion of an electronic or computer file. For a web page, footer describes the part at the bottom of the page. Like the header, a footer is also consistent throughout the website appearing at the bottom of every page. Most web page footers contain a

Canada's fight against ISIS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Canada's fight against ISIS - Essay Example ents of ISIS, especially the United Nations, have labeled the group as an active terrorist organization while secondary opponents like Colombia views ISIS as an extremist organization (Emma 46). As of June 2014, the ISIS had intensified violent attempts to topple the Iraqi government in Baghdad. Two months later, ISIS had increased their insurgent activities towards Iraqi government forces and civilians, plus foreign forces led by the US military. In the light of ISIS’s brutal advancement of their objectives, the US have committed a small portion of its military personnel and resources in helping the Baghdad government. Specifically, the US tries to deter advancement of the insurgents through air strikes. In the last two weeks alone, US military used both manned and unmanned aircrafts to launch more than 100 missile strikes in ISIS stronghold regions. Despite numerous air strikes in their strongholds, ISIS militants repeatedly bubble to the surface with additional strength and zeal. Last week, US secretary of state John Kerry asserted that the ISIS presents a substantial challenge to stability in the Middle East and even the world in general. Kerry stressed the necessity of concerted efforts between NATO nations in quenching the ambitious and genocidal ISIS insurgents. In this regard, US government has reached out to allied nations, including Canada, for support. On 5th September, 2014, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced that Canada will offer support to the US in their fight against ISIS. Harper agreed on the need to display solidarity with the US government and its foreign policies in Iraq (Murray 01). Inasmuch as the premier denied of a full deployment of Canadian military, he mentioned of providing combat advisers. The alleged advisers will be drawn from the Canadian Special Operations wing. In addition, the Canadian military will provide two cargo planes meant to ferry weapons and other military equipment to the Baghdad forces. Harper further

Universal Characters Of Human Rights

Universal Characters Of Human Rights One of the most essential characteristics of human rights is universality. The concept of universality has been analyzed, discussed, and used in several contexts and different ways by various scholars. This argument gives rise to the debate between realists and nominalists. The Oxford Advanced Learners Dictionary simply defines the word universal (universus) as a general term or concept having universal effect or application at all times and in all places. According to Encyclopedia Britannica, the word universal means a quality or property which each individual member of a class of things must possess. It further explains that universals are the qualities of individual things, or particulars. For example, the quality of redness (a universal) is possessed by all red objects (which are particulars). However, in other ways universals are quite unlike particulars. For example, redness, unlike red objects, cannot be picked up.  [1]   Michael J. Loux underlines that in metaphysics, a universal is what particular things have in common, namely characteristics or qualities. He analyses three major kinds of qualities or characteristics of universality basing on realists view: i) types or kinds to which things belong (e.g. mammal); ii) properties which they possess (e.g. short, strong); and iii) relations into which they enter (e.g. father of, next to). These are all different types of universal. It is known as shared entitles universals.  [2]  For St. Thomas Aquinas, the word universal can be considered in two ways: the universal nature may be considered together with the intention of universality viz. the relation of one and the same to many; the universal can be considered in the nature itself, for stance, animality or humanity as existing in the individual.  [3]   The Catechism of the Catholic Church uses the word universal in the sense of according to the totality or in keeping with the whole.  [4]  Hence, each particular Church is universal to which all men are called and belong in different ways.  [5]   Human rights advocates maintain that if human rights are the rights that belong to everyone regardless of sex, race, color or religion, simply because one is a human being, then they are universal by definition itself. It clearly states in the article one of UDHR: all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. Mary Ann Glendon, the author of The World Made New: Eleanor Roosevelt and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, notes: The title universal meant that the declaration was morally binding on everyone, and not only on the governments that voted for its adoption. The universal declaration, in other words, was not an international or intergovernmental document; it was addressed to all humanity and founded on a unified conception of the human being.  [6]   In his work on The Future of Human Rights, Upendra Baxi places the concept of universality in a Hegalian context. For Hegel, the combination of universality and particularity is already implicit in the moment of abstract universality, in the same way as a tree trunk and branches are implicit in a seed. So, referring to Hegels method, Baxi uses the synthesis of abstract universality and abstract particularity which brings about concrete universality so that we may understand the concept of universality of human rights more easily. He logically connects Hegalian method with the concept of universal human rights by distinguishing three moments: first, the UDHR is addressed to every human being; it is the objective movement of abstract universality; second, it is particularized by the series of norms such as workers rights, womens rights, rights of children, or right to life; third, the concrete universality can be achieved where rights and man meet in his life.  [7]  However, nomina lists do not agree with realists idea about the concept of universality and conceptualists accept it partly. Objection of Universality The question of whether universals exist is a tricky logical one. The rationalists believe that universals are real and they exist independently, whereas the nominalists believe that all that is real is particular, and therefore, universals are just words which at best apply to resemblances among real things. The conceptualists believe that universals exist as concepts. Antifoundationalists  [8]  argue that Universal human rights are simply impossible because what counts as human and as rights belonging to humans, are context-bound and tradition-dependent. There is no transcultural fact or being that may be called human to which universal human rights may be attached.  [9]   And yet, there are still various objections to the concept of human rights as universal. In her article History of Universal Human Rights up to WW2, Moira Rayner denies the idea of human rights as universal although she maintains that human rights are rights possessed by people simply because they are human beings. She says, The idea of human rights is not universal it is essentially the product of 17th and 18th century European thought and even the idea of rights does not necessarily exist in every society or advanced civilization. Universal human rights are, historically, the flower of what was originally a European plant.  [10]   For Blair Gibb, human rights are not necessarily universal because he argues that the rights established by the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights may not be applied to all nations. He then points out that even those nations that have singed it, and in practice they still have limitations and difficulties to realize them fully in their own territories. Furthermore, he argues that the UDHR pushes western values that are not always agreeable to eastern nations. He gives an example that civil or political rights such as the right to criticize the government openly or complete freedom of opinion and expression, threaten cohesive Asian societies. For him, the UDHR is a bit idealistic and it is better applied more to developed nations than developing nations.  [11]   According to Raimundo Panikkar,  [12]  the concept of human rights is a Western conception and it is not a universal concept.  [13]  However, he does not mean that we should abandon the responsibility of declaring or enforcing human rights. He accepts that human rights can bring an authentic human life in this contemporary world and the defense of human rights is a sacred duty. For him, no concept as such is universal. Each concept is valid primarily where it was conceived.  [14]  To put it in the other way, although the word God is universally used in all contexts of world religions, its concept is different from one another, because humankind presents a plurality of universal discourses. Panikkar believes that there should be at least two conditions to be fulfilled in order to make the concept of human rights become universally valid: (i) it should eliminate all the other contradictory concepts and (ii) it should be the common point of reference for any problem regardin g human dignity.  [15]   In order to clarify the debate on whether human rights are universal or not, the 1993 Vienna Declaration reaffirms the universal character of human rights as follow: All human rights are universal, indivisible and interdependent and interrelated.  [16]   The Vienna Declaration invites the international community to treat human rights globally in a fair and equal manner, on the same footing, and with the same emphasis; and to promote and protect all human rights and fundamental freedoms. At the opening ceremony of the World Conference on Human Rights in1993, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, emphasizes on the important of the common essence of universality and underlines how human rights are necessarily to be common standard for all members of the international community. He invites the international communities to go beyond ones own culture and values in order to realize the true meaning of human rights in ones life, as he states, The human rights that we proclaim and seek to safeguard can be brought about only if we transcend ourselves, only if we make a conscious effort to find our common essence beyond our apparent divisions, our temporary differences, our ideological and cultural barriers.  [17]   Human Rights as a Common Language of Humanity Generally people accept that human rights are the product of history and they are born from historical events. The word right exists sine ancient time. In history, Egyptian, Geek, Roman and the like were known as great lawmakers who published codex of various laws and established series of rights and duties. The worlds religions such as Judaism, Hinduism, Christianity and Buddhism, have also established moral codes of conducts based on divine law or teaching in order to protect the rightful behavior of the people so that there might be peace in human society. These principles and laws are generally based on human dignity and concerned with responsibilities of man to his fellow men, to governors, to the nature, to God and to the whole creation. Then, as time passes by, the constant changing world has been always shaping social system and political order, sweeping away old regimes, old rivalries and old obstacles and replacing them with new system and ideas. Autocracy decreases and dem ocracy increases. Awareness of ones won rights and freedom is stronger and stronger. The people learn from the failures of the past and look for a better and peaceful society. The age of colonization is a good example to point out how the language of human rights is extended to the oppressed people. In that period, there were some human rights advocates who defended for the rights of indigenous people. For example: Bartolome De Las Casas (1484-1566), Spanish historian and Dominican missionary in the Americans, opposed the oppression of the Indian by European and called for the abolition of Indian slavery.  [18]  He defended against the ill treatment of native peoples by the Spanish colonists and advocated before King Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor on behalf of rights for the natives. His intentions are: to stop the suppression of all encomienda  [19]  ; to liberate the Indians from all forms of slaves; to restore the ancient Indian states and rulers; and to have the rightful owners of those lands.  [20]   Francisco de Vitoria (1485-1546), Spanish theologian, was best known for his defense of the rights of the Indians of the New World against Spanish colonists and for his ideas of the limitations of justifiable warfare. He was also known as one of international law pioneers because he contributed the theory of just war and international law.  [21]   Anthropologists such as Sally Engle Merry presume that the treaty of Westphalia (1648) is the foundation for the language of international human rights law. It is a series of peace treaties  [22]  and agreements among European states which end the Thirty Years War (1618-1648) and the Eighty Years War (1568-1648) in Europe. As result, these treaties and agreements gave birth to a new system of political order in central Europe, i.e., the system of sovereign state governed by a sovereign. During this period, international law and affairs were based on the notion of state sovereignty. However, the treaties did not restore peace throughout Europe because France and Spain remained at war for the next eleven years. But the Peace of Westphalia at least created a basis for international legal norms or the language of international human rights law.  [23]   In 1948, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the UDHR which has become a universal standard for the promotion and protection of human rights worldwide. This adoption is a clear affirmation of the international coexistence which is commonly based on human dignity and respect for all peoples rights in everywhere. However, some criticize that the Universal Declaration was politically impossible during the Cold War to meet both civil or political rights and social or economic rights. Western human rights law focused on political and civil rights such as the right to freedom of speech or religion and so on, whereas socialist and communist countries focused on economic and social rights such as the rights to work, food, housing, etc. International human rights law, however, has developed a dominant language of global justice that ends the cleavages dominant during the Cold War. Today, the language of human rights has become the language common to all humanity, a global lingua franca addressing social, political, cultural and economic issues worldwide. It is shifted from political discourse to a more unified language of global justice. It is a language that guides every human being in an era of globalization. Mary Robinson, the former High Commissioner for Human Rights, once said that: All of us, in our different forms of expression, can speak the common language of humanity, the language of human rights, which is enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.  [24]   As the World Conference on Human Rights began on 14 June 1993, Boutros Boutros-Ghali, the Secretary-General of the United Nations, gave the opening statements to the assembled diplomats as follow: Human rights should be viewed not only as the absolute yardstick which they are, but also as a synthesis resulting from a long historical process. As an absolute yardstick, human rights constitute the common language of humanity. Adopting this language allows all peoples to understand others and to be the authors of their own history. Human rights, by definition, are the ultimate norm of all politics. As an historical synthesis, human rights are, in their essence, in constant movement. By that I mean that human rights have a dual nature. They should express absolute, timeless injunctions, yet simultaneously reflect a moment in the development of history. Human rights are both absolute and historically defined.  [25]   However, there are some politicians who use the term human rights in a very narrow sense for their own benefits. As a result of misinterpretation of the term, the UDHR becomes no worth than bourgeois rights or Western rights. Some argue that the fundamental idea of human rights does not go along with the specific characteristics of local or regional cultures and customs. For some, recognizing human rights differently in different contexts according to ones own culture and custom is a better solution for all. But the article 27 of the UDHR proves that the language of the declaration does not exhibit any cultural preference since human rights are a common language of humanity.

Predictions on the Highest and Lowest Achievers in an Elementary School Class :: Teaching Education

Predictions on the Highest and Lowest Achievers in an Elementary School Class The highest achievers and the lowest achievers in an elementary class can sometimes be treated differently because of their achievement levels. Without even knowing the class very well it can be determined who in the class is more likely to be a higher achiever and who is not as gifted. Even though it is evident sometimes who is the least and highest achievers a great deal of the time the best achievers can be overlooked if you simply watch a class for an hour. One student who I picked out, as a high achiever was a boy named Travis. Travis performed above average in gym class and was overall a better athlete and competitor than the other students in the class. This overall fitness made me consider him to be a student who was a higher achiever. Since he was better at athletics then I reasoned that he might be better at other aspects of school besides athletics. Travis also exhibited math skills by beating the rest of the class consistently in the math assignments that where done during the class as well as having the right answers. Another student that I considered a high achiever based on my observations was a boy named James. James was well dressed, wearing church type clothes. He was also an outgoing a generally happy kid who didn’t seem to mind being in school or in the class. The happiness that he exhibits gives you the feeling that he must be a high achiever because if he was unhappy about the situation than he would not try as hard. However, since he does seem to be happy then he would try his best and be enthusiastic about learning. The last student that I picked out as someone who is a higher achiever is a girl who pays attention very well and seems to follow the teacher’s line of thought throughout the class. As well as paying attention and participation in class this girl, Jackie, asked an insightful question that needed to be asked. The question pertained to a fundraising activity and Jackie asked for the teacher to clarify a certain aspect that could be interpreted in a number of different ways.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Fdi in India Essay

1 Dr S Narayan is Head of Research and Visiting Senior Research Fellow at the Institute of South Asian Studies (ISAS), an autonomous research institute at the National University of Singapore. He was formerly Economic Adviser to the Prime Minister of India. Dr Narayan can be contacted at snarayan43@gmail.com. The views expressed in this paper are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of ISAS. In September 2012, the Government of India announced several economic policy reform measures that included a move to allow 51 per cent foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail. In the same announcement, it relaxed norms for foreign direct investment in the aviation sector, allowing international airlines to invest in domestic peers and cleared a slew of other reform-oriented measures – an increase of FDI in some broadcasting services. The issue of FDI in retail has attracted considerable political debate. The matter was first proposed by the Government in 2 010, but had to be withdrawn because of political opposition. This time, the Government appears to be firm in pushing the policy through. It is possible to adduce several reasons for the determination of the Government. First, the ruling United Progressive Alliance (UPA) Government, and in particular the Congress party, has been battered by allegations of corruption and scams all through 2012, and needs a breather to establish its authority to govern. The criticism in the foreign media and by academics that the Government has been in a state of policy paralysis, which has prevented it from taking even basic measures to improve governance, has hurt its image. 2 The crisis in coal supply for power generation and the poor progress of infrastructure projects have given the impression that executive decisions have come to a halt. On the trade front, the growing current account deficit, as well as the weakening of the rupee, has been seen as warning signals for the economy. The growing fiscal deficit, the inability to control expenditure on subsidies, and a slowing economy have caused international investors and rating agencies to downgrade expectations about the Indian economy. The latest GDP growth figures of 5.3 per cent are lower than the expectations of the Government and the Reserve Bank of India alike, and the persistent inflation is hurting the entire population, especially those with fixed incomes. There was, therefore, a need to induce some confidence about the economy. In the past, the current account deficit was bridged by FDI, inflows into capital markets, and through inwardremittances. Of these, the first two had seen a sharp drop in 2010 and 2011. The equity markets were trading 30 per cent below pre-2008 crisis levels, with little appetite for fresh capital issues. FDI was dropping steadily after 2008 and dropped to 40 per cent of the 2011-12 level in the subsequent year. The high fiscal deficit was also crowding out private borrowings. In short, there was need for a correction to infuse external capital into the economy by improving the sentiment in the financial markets and by giving a signal that could restore FDI flows. The reform announcements of September 2012 were an attempt at that. There were other arguments as well. The retail sector in India has been growing at a combined annual growth rate of 6.4 per cent over the period 1998-2010, and is estimated to be worth around Rs. 50,000 crores (US$ 10 billion) in 2010. However, the contribution of organised retail remains low. As against the United States, which has the organised to unorganised ratio of 85:15, in India, it is only 10:90. Organised retail has been growing rapidly and is expected to have a share of 22 per cent before 2017. There are also several consumption-related growth drivers for retail. India’s per capita income, in real terms, has doubled between 2000 and 2011, and income levels are expected to triple in nominal terms in the next 20 years. Average real household income has grown at an annual rate of 3.8 per cent from 1985 to 2005. The middle class population as defined at an income level of Rs. 200,000 and above at the 2000- price level is expected to increase to 40 per cent of the population b y 2025. Per household consumption expenditure has also doubled in the last decade along with rising income levels. The fast pace of urbanisation is also changing consumption patterns. As per the United Nations’ state of the populations report, 40 per cent of India’s population is expected to reside in urban agglomerates by 2030. Finally, the demographic pattern of the population, with 60 per cent of the population at 35 years or less, is driving consumption towards more modern, technologically advanced products that are the strength of modern retail outlets. In terms of the share of the various sectors in the retail industry in India, clothing and food have a share of 38.1 per cent and 11.5 per cent respectively, according to the IBEF retail report 2011. 3 As per the Indian Government’s announced policy, FDI in multi-brand retail is to be allowed only in towns which have a population of more than one million, which restricts the entry to around 35 cities. The minimum amount to be brought in by the foreign player is US$ 100 million; 50 per cent of the total FDI brought in should be invested in back-end infrastructure such as processing, logistics, warehousing and improvements in manufacturing. Fresh agricultural products may be unbranded. FDI in multi-brand retail trading in the form of e-commerce would not be permissible. Asset creation is expected to be done primarily by the foreign player. The advantage, from the Government’s point of view, is an increased opportunity for employment. It is estimated that organised retail has created over 1.5 million jobs in the period 2005-2009. The quality of employment is also superior to the opportunities in the unorganised sector. The organised sector would make a higher contributio n to tax revenues through increased VAT and eventually, GST revenues. From the point of view of customers, they are likely to get better products, lower defective items, increased choice and quality of products, and the availability of global products in local markets. For the farmers, there would be a reduction in the level of intermediaries, improvement in supply chain management, requisite infrastructure in cold chain, warehousing and transportation logistics, technological improvements in crop production, and rational and fair pricing of products. The limitation of applicability to cities with a population of one million or more implies that this would be applicable only to 35 cities in 15 states. These are Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Delhi, Gujarat, Haryana, Jharkhand, Karnataka, Kerala, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal. It is also stipulated in the policy that State Governments and Union Territories would be free to take thei r own decisions in regard to the implementation of the policy. In perspective, this policy appears to have several significant positives. It is an executive decision, well within the purview of the executive, with no need for parliamentary approval. First, on the economic side, this would lead to modernisation of retail and investment in technology, logistics and the value chain. Second, there would be opportunities of greater, higher quality of employment. Third, multiplier effects can be had in the domestic economy in the fields of warehousing, transportation and ancillary activities. Fourth, this opens up opportunities for improving the quality of employment in these sectors. Fifth, there is an assurance of greater revenue mobilisation. Sixth, this would lead to more inward capital flows and investments. Against this backdrop, there has been strong opposition to the move and political parties are lined up to oppose the move. One of the members of the UPA, the Trinamool Congress, has walked out of the alliance on this issue, leaving the Government technically in parliamentary minority, though they have the outside support of two major parties from Uttar Pradesh. 4 The opposition puts forth several arguments. First, that unorganised retail in India is run by a large number of small entrepreneurs who serve the immediate neighbourhood, and who would be driven out of business by the advent of large supermarkets. There is evidence that this has happened in some states in the US and in smaller towns in the United Kingdom and Australia. The small stores would not have the technological capability or the financial muscle to compete on equal terms with the large retail chains, and hence would be at a disadvantage. The strength of small retail lies in familiarity with the customer, that enables credit transactions to take place and provides for customer conveniences like small quantities and home delivery, which would not be possible from a large retail chain. Further, the very nature of large retail investment would require large real estate space, requiring transportation and higher transaction volumes. Therefore the concept is elitist, available only to a select few in the higher income ranges, and not of use to the common man, who constitutes of over 50 per cent of the rural and small-town consumers. So runs the argument. Secondly, it is contended that farmers would be at a disadvantage. The large retailers would be in a position to enforce supply contracts that would push farm prices down, thus affecting farmer’s incomes. Third, the tendency to stock mass-manufactured goods would lead to more imported goods being on offer, to the disadvantage of local manufacturers. Finally, the smaller retail stores are able to offer employment to even unskilled workers, of whom there are plenty in India. The employment requirement in large multi-brand retail stores would be for the better skilled, thus driving the poorer out of employment. These are some of the other arguments being advanced. Existing traders are lobbying hard with their own state governments against the introduction of FDI in retail. At the same time, large local retailers, who have multi-brand shops, do not also want the international names to come in, as they fear they would not be able to meet the competition. At the level of media, and even at the political level, these arguments are more in the realm of opinions and estimation, and not based on any hard analytical evidence. Firstly, the FDI retail shops would be set up in only 35 towns in the country, thus leaving most of the smaller retail shops untouched. Further, even in the larger urban centres, the requirement of real estate for these large stores is likely to be such that only a small number would be set up in each town. The advent of mod ern malls and composite shopping centres has not, in the last decade, disturbed local shopping habits or shopping centres. Rather, it has catered to a different class of young, urban consumers who are looking for products that are usually not available at traditional retail stores. It is also difficult to argue that retailing in India does not need to modernise, along with the economy, and that modern warehousing, inventory management and efficient logistics will not be of advantage to the consumer. Finally, it is also curious that there is little objection to multi-brand retail if it is owned by Indian retailers; the objection is only to FDI in retail. Perhaps this is because local large retailers do not want to face international brand competition. It is also 5 curious that there is little objection to FDI in single-brand goods. The fear of mom and pop stores being displaced and branded retail taking over the entire retail segment is perhaps overstated. It is of course possible that the arguments are entirely in the realm of politics. No doubt the strong lobbies of the existing small retailers as well as the established Indian multi-brand retailers are adding to the fervour of the arguments, but the epicentre of the issue appears to be the political scene. Currently, the UPA has lost a major ally in the Lok Sabha, key lower house of national Parliament, and depends on the support of Samajwadi Party and Bahujan Samaj Party, two opposing parties in Uttar Pradesh (against both of whom the Congress fought in the recent state elections). In the upper house, the Rajya Sabha, the Government does not have the numbers for the vote. The ruling alliance, as already mentioned, has been weakened in 2012 by complaints of non-performance and a number of allegations of corruption: it is perhaps natural for the opposition parties to press home their advantage when the UPA is weak. There is little to be achieved as the FDI decision is an executive decision, unlikely to bring down the Government. So, this political tussle would only reveal the combination of political forces and allies in a kind of muscle-flexing for the next General elections, now slated for in 2014 in the normal course. The downside would be that international confidence in governance in India would be further weakened, and in fact, may lead to reluctance to invest in India. It is therefore vital that the Government should sail through these discussions and win a decisive vote in Parliament. . . FDI in Retail sector in India: How does this affect you? Health & Lifestyle by Editor Retailing defines the direct interface between the manufacturers and the end users who are basically individual consumers. The retail business owners stock up all goods after purchasing it directly from the manufacturers and then sell it to individual customers keeping a profit margin for themselves. Of late the retailing industry in India has bloomed with much coveted success causing positive impact on the national economy. As per the recent revelations by the popular International Management Consultancy AT Kearney, India has been considered the second most lucrative destinations of the world for retail business. Read what is FDI and buzz around it In India, retailing industry is segregated into two classes- organized retailing and unorganized retailing. Organized retailing entails trading conducted by licensed retailers and unorganized retailing includes all types of low cost trading like local shops, small roadside stores and temporary shops or door to door selling of various goods.Until now, according to the Indian retailing laws, Foreign Direct Investment in multi-brand retail market was prohibited. But government is thinking to open the FDI in retail in India which implies that foreign investment in retailing is possible up to 51%. Now the announcement of retail FDI in India has triggered a series of debates on both positive and negative notes and become political issue. So let’s discuss these things, what all this means to you through advantages and disadvantages: Advantages of FDI in retail sector in India: †¢ Growth in economy: Due to coming of foreign companies’ new infrastructure will be build, thus real estate sector will grow consequently banking sector, as money need to be required to build infrastructure would be provided by banks. †¢ Job opportunities: Estimates shows that this will create about 80Lakh jobs. These career opportunities will be created mostly in retail, real estate. But it will create positive impact on others sectors as well. Read about career options in Retail sector†¦.. †¢ Benefits to farmers: In most cases, in the retailing business, the intermediaries have dominated the interface between the manufacturers or producers and the consumers. Hence the farmers and manufacturers lose their actual share of profit margin as the lion’s share is eaten up by the middle men. This issue can be resolved by FDI, as farmers might get contract farming where they will supply to a retailer based upon demand and will get good cash for that, they need not to search for buyers. †¢ Benefits to consumers: Consumer will get variety of products at low prices compared to market rates, and will have more choice to get international brands at one place. †¢ Lack of infrastructure in the retailing chain has been one of the common issues in India for years which has led the process to an incompetent market mechanism. For example, in spite of India being one of the largest producers of vegetables and fruits, lack of proper count of cold storages has significantly affected the selling of these perishable items. FDI might help India overcome such issues by channelizing the resources in the right manner. †¢ In the last years, the Public distribution system is proved to be significantly ineffective. In spite of the fact that the government arranged for subsidies, the food inflation has caused its negative impact continuously and it can be handled by FDI. Disadvantages of FDI in retail sector in India: †¢ According to the non-government cult, FDI will drain out the country’s share of revenue to foreign countries which may cause negative impact on India’s overall economy. †¢ The domestic organized retail sector might not be competitive enough to tackle international players and might loose its market share. †¢ Many of the small business owners and workers from other functional areas may lose theirjobs, as lot of people are into unorganized retail business such as small shops. However the government is quite stringent on this issue and determined to allow FDI in India. The actual impacts would be observed over time and till then the laymen have nothing but to hope for the best! Walmart Lobbying and Political Corruption in Retail FDI: Recent reports presented by Walmart to US Govt. revealed that it spend Rs. 125 cr in lobbying Indian lawmakers to get access to Indian market. These facts are serious, if Govt. is doing all this in favour of bribery and money then results might not be good as it is projected. Since Walmart will continue to mould things in their favour by lobbying and bribery as political corruption is well known in Indian politics. They can be purchased easily. Showing Results For â€Å"disadvantages of fdi in retail† DIPP circulates Cabinet note on relaxing FDI norms for housing sector 16 Sep 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: The Commerce and Industry Ministry has circulated a draft Cabinet note on relaxing FDI norms for the housing sector, which proposed easing the three-year lock-in period among other things. DDIP, Cabinet note, FDI norms, housing sector, FDI guidelines, RBI notifies definition of ‘control’ in context of FDI 14 Sep 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Mumbai: The Reserve Bank notified the definition of term ‘control’ in relation to foreign direct investment and revised the list of states where FDI is permitted in multi-brand retail. RBI, FDI, RBI notification, RBI policy, Reserve Bank, multi-brand retail , Government notifies changes in FDI policy, paves way for larger overseas investments 12 Sep 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: The government has notified changes in the FDI policy, paving the way for larger overseas investments in sectors such as multi-brand retail and telecom. FDI policy, FDI notification, India FDI policy, overseas investments, Foreign investment, FEMA regulations, Malls to contribute 35 percent of modern retail sales by 2016, says report 11 Sep 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Mumbai: With popularity of mall culture on the rise, these swanky shopping centres are expected to contribute to more than a third (35 per cent) of the modern retail sales in the next three years, says a report. malls, shopping, retail, sales, india, No case for India’s rating downgrade by global agencies: Rangarajan 13 Sep 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Government has already taken a host of reform measures and there is no case for any downgrade of India’s sovereign rating by global agencies, Prime Minister’s key economic advisor C Rangarajan said. C Rangarajan, India rating downgrade, India growth projection, Prime Minister’s key economic advisor, Indian economy, FDI , Walmart India plans possibly at final stage, says government official 31 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Global retail giant Walmart is expected to soon firm up its plan to foray into India’s multi-brand sector, a top government official on Friday said. Walmart, FDI, Foreign Direct Investment, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotions, Walmart Asia Chief Scot, multi brand retail, Formation of Civil Aviation Authority crucial for development: Survey 09 Sep 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Liberalized FDI norms have the potential to put the aviation sector on the growth track but taxation issues are major impediments for the industry, a survey has found. Civil Aviation Authority, FDI, Indian civil aviation sector, relaxation in FDI, Aviation sector, taxation, India Inc hails relaxation in multi-brand retail norms 02 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Hailing government’s announcement to relax investment norms in multi-brand retail and raising FDI caps in several sectors, India Inc said that the reforms were â€Å"much-needed† and will boost the confidence of foreign investors which will help in reviving the economy. FDI in retail, FDI in India, Changes in FDI norms, FDI inflow in India, FDI caps, Government to further liberalize FDI policy, says Chidambaram 31 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Faced with sliding rupee, Finance Minister P Chidambaram on Wednesday said government will further liberalize the FDI policy and encourage public sector undertakings to raise funds from overseas markets. P Chidambaram, FDI, FDI in India, FDI policy in India, FDI in retail , Government eases FDI norms in multi-brand retail, allows 100 percent investment in telecom 02 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] †¢ Norms for Multi-brand Retail Trading (MBRT) relaxed †¢ Eased mandatory 30 pc local sourcing norms for MBRT players †¢ Local sourcing norm to apply only in first engagement †¢ FDI cap in telecom raised to 100 pc from 74 pc; up to 49 pc through automatic route and beyond that via FIPB FDI in India, FDI inflow in India, FDI in multi-brand retail, FDI in telecom, FDI cap in India, FDI cap in telecom sector, – See more at: http://post.jagran.com/search/disadvantages-of-fdi-in-retail#sthash.iXvt8E8g.dpuf RBI allows non-resident investors to buy shares under FDI scheme 07 Sep 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Mumbai: The Reserve Bank today allowed non-resident investors, including NRIs, to buy shares of Indian entities listed on recognised stock exchanges under FDI scheme, but subject to certain conditions. non-resident investors, NRI investors, FDI scheme, FDI investment, FEMA regulations , Government clears 17 FDI proposals worth Rs 993 crore 04 Sep 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: The government has approved 17 foreign direct investment (FDI) proposals totalling Rs 992.61 crore, while recommending the Rs 2,058 crore Jet-Etihad deal for final clearance to the Cabinet. Foreign direct investment, FDI in India, FDI proposals, Pending FDI proposals, Jet-Etihad deal, Union Cabinet, FDI proposals approved , Traders will protest if government raises FDI cap in retail: CAIT 16 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Opposing any hike in FDI cap in multi-brand retail, apex traders’ body CAIT Tuesday said such a move will not only affect interest of small traders but would also have a negative impact on the economy. FDI, hike in FDI, FDI in multi brand retail, CAIT, Manmohan Singh, Rajnath slams FDI in multi-retail, says it would increase unemployment 25 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Washington: Describing Bharatiya Janata Party as pro-reforms, BJP president Rajnath Singh has defended its decision to oppose Foreign Direct Investment in multi-brand retail arguing that such a move would aggravate the unemployment problem in India. Bharatiya Janata Party, Rajnath Singh, Foreign Direct Investment, FDI in multi brand retail, Indian economy, Government eased norms for FDI in multi-retail under pressure from global retailers: Meenakshi Lekhi 03 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) spokesperson Meenakshi Lekhi has alleged that easing norms for Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail had come after specific lobbying by global retailers like Walmart and Tesco. BJP spokesperson Meenakshi Lekhi, global retailers, FDI in multi-brand retail, lobbying by global retailers, UPA government, Disadvantages of open-plan offices revealed 09 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] There are advantages and disadvantages to an open-plan office – a single giant room where there is not much to separate you from a co-worker seated next to you. Open-plan office, single giant room, distraction, distracted environment, Gensler, Karnataka agrees to implement FDI in multi-brand retail 27 Jun 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Karnataka has joined 11 other states and union territories that have agreed to allow foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail. Karnataka government, FDI in multi-brand retail, FDI in Karnataka , FDI in retail, Government may tweak retail FDI norms to ease entry of global chains 03 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] The government is considering tweaking the FDI policy in retail sector so as to allow global chains like Walmart, Carrefour and Tesco to open multi-brand stores in non-hilly cities with a population of less than one million. FDI in retail, FDI policy in retail sector, FDI norms in retail sector, FDI cap in retail sector, FDI in multi-brand retail in non-hilly cities , Industry gives thumbs-up to government’s FDI decisions 18 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Government’s decisions to relax limits for FDI in a dozen sectors are ‘most timely’ and will boost investor sentiments, India Inc said. FDI decisions, India Inc, CII, Assocham, FICCI, FDI in retail, FDI in telecom, E-commerce firm Snapdeal.com ties-up with Hypercity Retail 29 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: E-commerce firm Snapdeal.com on Thursday entered into a strategic partnership with Hypercity Retail, a part of the K Raheja Group, to sell Hypercity’s products on its portal. Snapdeal.com, Hypercity Retail, E-commerce, Snapdeal.com-Hypercity tie-up, Hypercity merchandise, – See more at: http://post.jagran.com/search/disadvantages-of-fdi-in-retail/2#sthash.BRqA4Hrr.dpuf Showing Results For â€Å"disadvantages of fdi in retail† Walmart expresses inability on meeting sourcing norms in the multi-brand segment 23 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: The world’s largest retailer Walmart has expressed its inability to the government on meeting the sourcing norm in the multi-brand segment that requires 30 percent procurement from small industries, stating it can procure only about 20 percent. Walmart, Walmart in India, FDI in retail, FDI policy, Procurement from small industries, Commerce and Industry Minister, Anand Sharma, Government to introduce Insurance Bill in Winter Session of Parliament 05 Sep 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Finance Minister P Chidambaram said that the Insurance Laws (Amendment) Bill, which seeks to raise the foreign equity cap in the sector to 49 percent, will be taken up in the Winter Session of Parliament. Insurance Bill, Insurance Bill India, Insurance Bill 2013, FDI in Insurance, Winter Session, Finance Minister, P Chidambaram, Centre and states should be cautious in implementation of FDI 29 Jun 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] What is this FDI, which can bring the Parliament of India to a grinding halt, why it has become a political debate that a coalition partner had to withdraw its support from the government at the outset of this issue and the opposition took it to the streets to oppose with tooth and nail. Why would a country seek FDI, an acronym for Foreign Direct Investment, if it had actually managed without it till the conception and relevance of FDI in India ? FDI, FDI in India, FDI inlfow in India, FDI cap in India, FDI in retail issue, Retail inflation for farm and rural workers eases marginally 21 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Retail inflation for farm and rural workers has come down marginally to 12.80 percent and 12.61 percent respectively in July, even as prices of food items and cloth remained high. Retail inflation, Farm workers, rural workers, inflation in July, Agriculture Labour, Consumer Price Index, Latest news, No proposal to hike FDI cap in banking sector: Government 24 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: There is no proposal to hike foreign investment ceiling in the banking sector, the government said. FDI, Banking sector, FDI in banking, Indian banks, FDI proposals, Latest news, Sensex slumps in morning trade following profit-booking by retail investors 23 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Mumbai: The BSE benchmark Sensex on Friday fell by 61 points in morning trade as funds and retail investors booked profits after previous session’s gains. The 30-share barometer declined by 61.96 points, or 0.34 per cent, to 18,250.98 with healthcare, FMCG, PSUs and power stocks succumbing to profit-booking. The index had surged by 407.03 points on Thursday after four sessions of losses. Sensex, BSE, NSE, Sensex slumps, Sensex slumps in morning trade, latest news, Mayawati slams government move to open retail sector to FDI 26 Nov 2011 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Slamming the Centre’s decision to allow FDI in retail, UP Chief Minister Mayawati on Saturday alleged that it was taken to benefit companies of foreign friends of Rahul Gandhi and said that her government would not allow it in the state. FDI in retail, UP Chief Minister Mayawati on FDI, opposition oppose FDI in retail, advantages of FDI in retail, disadvantages of FDI in retail, government on FDI in retail, Centre on FDI in retail , New FDI rules, a setback for foreign and local retailers 08 Jun 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New rules requiring foreign supermarkets to set up their own warehouses and stores in India are likely to further delay the entry of companies like Wal-Mart Stores Inc, increase costs and hurt cash-strapped local retailers eager to partner with foreign companies. FDI, FDI rules, new FDI policy, Wal-Mart, FDI in India, FDI in retail sector , RBI hikes FDI cap in Asset Reconstruction Companies to 74 percent 20 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: The Reserve Bank hiked the limit for foreign investment in Asset Reconstruction Companies (ARCs) to 74 percent from the earlier cap of 49 percent. Reserve Bank, FDI, Asset Reconstruction Companies, FDI in ARCs, FDI proposals, Latest news, FDI in hospitality sector increases to USD 2.23 billion in April 11 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Reflecting increased interest of foreign players in the country’s hospitality industry, the hotel and tourism sector witnessed a sudden spurt in FDI in April, attracting USD 2.32 billion. FDI in hospitality, FDI, hospitality industry, fdi inflow in india , – See more at: http://post.jagran.com/search/disadvantages-of-fdi-in-retail/3#sthash.rPoIwVLG.dpuf Government cornered, Pranab briefs Cong MPs on FDI, inflation 30 Nov 2011 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] With Government being cornered over various issues, Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee on Wednesday briefed party MPs about the rationale behind allowing FDI in retail as also steps being taken to address inflation and blackmoney so that they could counter to opposition attack. government on FDI, Latest on Indian Economy, Latest on FDI reforms, FDI in retail scares Indian bulk market, FDI in India, FDI in retail, advantages of FDI in retail, disadvantages of FDI in retail, Congress’ Kerala on FDI, Congress in inflation , 65 percent more traffic on online retail sites: Assocham 16 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Mumbai: With the festive season round the corner, there is a 65 percent increase in online shopping from last year, according to industry body Assocham. Assocham, retail portals, online retail websites, online shopping, shopping portals, latest news , Telecom sector received Rs 58,782 crore FDI in last 13 years 19 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: The country’s telecom sector has received a cumulative foreign direct investment (FDI) of USD 12,865 million (Rs 58,782 crore) in the last 13 years, which comprises 7 percent of the total FDI inflows. Telecom sector, FDI in Telecom, foreign direct investment, FDI inflows, Milind Deora, Latest news, Onion prices soar to Rs 60 per kg in Delhi’s retail market 12 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Onion prices have soared to Rs 60 per kg in the retail market of the national capital due to lower supply from producing regions. Onion prices, Onion prices in Delhi, Onion retail price, Safal stores in Delhi, Onion price hike, Government not considering ban on onion exports despite high prices 24 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Government is not considering any proposal to ban onion exports as the hike in price of the commodity is not because of outward shipments, Food Minister K V Thomas said. onion exports, onion prices, onion price hike, onion retail price, India onion exports, latest news, SC dismisses petition challenging FDI in multi-brand retail 01 May 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] The Supreme Court on Wednesday upheld the government policy of allowing Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail. Supreme Court, FDI in multi-brand retail, FDI in retail, Foreign Direct Investment, Incense sticks may affect your health: Study 06 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Los Angeles: Incense sticks could come with a health risk, a new research has shown that burning these generate indoor air pollutants, which may lead to inflammation in human lung cells. Incense sticks, Incense sticks health risks, Incense sticks health woes, health hazards of Incense sticks, disadvantages of incense sticks, Put blanket ban on FDI in brownfield pharma: Parliamentary panel 14 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: A Parliamentary panel has recommended a â€Å"blanket ban† on any FDI in brownfield pharma projects, or ones in which stake is acquired in an existing company, while investment of more than 49 percent would go to the Foreign Investment Promotion Board (FIPB). FDI in brownfield pharma, brownfield pharma, FDI, Foreign Investment Promotion Board, Reserve Bank of India, latest news, CPI shares dais with BJP over FDI in retail 08 Mar 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Leaders of BJP and Left Front shard the dais in Ram Lila Ground to oppose the Central Government’s decision allowing Foreign Direct Investment in retail sector. FDI in retail, Retail FDI, BJP, CPI, Rajnath Singh , Stilettos: High on fashion, low on health 26 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: The tick-tack of high heels usually spells high-end fashion! But do you know that wearing stilettos on a regular basis entails health hazards? Experts say slipped disc, knee arthritis and plantar fasciitis (a painful inflammation on the sole of the foot) are common problems faced by women who wear them on regular basis. Stilettos, side effects of Stilettos, Stilettos health hazard, disadvantages of Stilettos, health woes of Stilettos, – See more at: http://post.jagran.com/search/disadvantages-of-fdi-in-retail/4#sthash.o6mEEjXv.dpuf Showing Results For â€Å"disadvantages of fdi in retail† NDA will roll back FDI in retail if voted to power: Rajnath 13 Mar 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Rollback of FDI in multi-brand retail will be the top priority of NDA coalition if it is voted to power in the next general elections, BJP chief Rajnath Singh said on Wednesday. Rajnath Singh, FDI in retail, NDA, FDI in multi-brand retail, protest against FDI in retail, FDI rises 25 percent to six-month high of USD 2.32 billion in April 15 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Foreign direct investment (FDI) into India increased 25 percent year-on-year to USD 2.32 billion in April, the highest level in the past six months. In April 2012, the country had received FDI worth USD 1.85 billion, according to data from the Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP). Fdi, fdi increases by 25pc, foreign inflows, fdi in India, liberalizing fdi, Walmart continues US lobbying on ‘FDI in India’ 23 Apr 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Walmart continued to lobby with the American lawmakers over Indian retail FDI rules during the first quarter of 2013, even as a probe is underway into the global retail giant’s US lobbying activities for facilitating its India entry. Walmart lobbying in US, FDI in India, Indian retail FDI rules, Foreign Direct Investment, Government clears IKEA’s Rs 10,500 crore FDI proposal 03 May 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] The government on Thursday allowed Swedish furniture major IKEA to invest Rs 10,500 crore—the biggest ever FDI proposal in single brand retail– for setting up home furnishing stores in the country. FDI proposal, IKEA, Swedish furniture major, Single brand retail, Manmohan Singh, Cabinet Committee on Economic Affair , Karbonn A29 available on e-retail sites 23 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: Karbonn has rolled out its new Karbonn A29 for sale on online retail stores for a price of Rs 8990. However, the device has not been officially launched. Karbonn A29, Android 4.1, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, GPS, Karbonn, FDI in retail 06 Oct 2012 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] FDI in retail is being projected as a panacea for all the ills plaguing agriculture. It is expected to raise farmers income, remove middlemen, help consumers get a low price, and of course remove the massive wastage that we see in the farm supply chain. FDI, FDI in retail, economic reforms, UPA, Devinder Sharma blogs, Jagran blogs, Govt raises FDI limits in 12 sectors, clears 100 pc foreign investment in telecom 17 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] The Central Government has liberalized the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) limits in several sectors on Monday, opening the doors for foreign investments. It has approved 100 percent raise in the telecom sector and also increased the limits in other sectors, mainly to boost up the national economy. Foreign direct investment, FDI, 100 percent FDI in telecom, FDI limit in 12 sectors, FDI in Telecom, Telecom FDI, India reforms, FDI liberalization, US welcomes India’s FDI decisions 20 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Washington: Ahead of Vice President Joe Biden’s visit, the US has welcomed India’s decision to increase foreign direct investment in key sectors like defence, telecom and insurance. FDI in India, FDI reforms in India, FDI cap in India, Indian economy, Walmart , NCP not to allow FDI in retail in Maharashtra 05 Dec 2012 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Even as it voted in favour of FDI in retail, UPA’s key constituent NCP on Wednesday struck a discordant note by saying that it did not support implementation of the decision in Maharashtra. Praful Patel, FDI in Maharashtra, FDI vote, FDI debate, FDI in Maharashtra, BJP vows to oppose FDI in retail till its last breath 07 Mar 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Assuring support to the traders opposing the Congress-led government’s decision to allow FDI in retail, BJP leader Arun Jaitley said on Thursday that his party would oppose the move till its â€Å"last breath†. – See more at: http://post.jagran.com/search/disadvantages-of-fdi-in-retail/5#sthash.9m02kf4N.dpuf Raising FDI caps to boost Indian economy 17 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] The series of foreign direct investment proposal approved by the Union Cabinet in key areas of defence, insurance and telecom along with others would provide the much needed boost to the Indian economy, a top Indian industry leader has said. Fdi, Cii, fdi approved by union cabinet, indian economy, fdi in defence, fdi in telecom, Arvind Kejriwal seeks referendum on FDI in retail 08 Dec 2012 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Social activist Arvind Kejriwal who recently launched the Aam Aadmi party on Saturday demanded a referendum on FDI in retail. Arvind Kejriwal, referendum on FDI, FDI in retail, FDI vote, FDI debate , FDI in retail will be good if it benefits farmers:Kalam 15 Dec 2012 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Former President Dr APJ Abdul Kalam on Friday said FDI in retail would be good if it benefits lakhs of farmers in the country. APJ Abdul Kalam, FDI in Retail, Indian Farmers, RLD speaks in favour of FDI in retail 05 Dec 2012 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Lending support to foreign direct investment (FDI) in multi-brand retail, the Rashtriya Lok Dal (RLD) on Wednesday said the move will not destroy small manufacturers and farmers. Jayant Chaudhury, RLD, FDI in retail, FDI debate, FDI vote, SC expresses concern over FDI policy, seeks government’s response 22 Jan 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Expressing its concern over the Parliament’s nod to the Foreign Direct Investment in multi-bran retails, the Supreme Court on Tuesday asked the Centre to file its response within five weeks on how it intends to safeguard interests of small traders after FDI is allowed in retail sector. Supreme Court, FDI in retail, FDI policy, PM to discuss FDI related issues with Cabinet members today 16 Jul 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Prime Minister Manmohan Singh will on Tuesday evening discuss the proposal to hike foreign investment caps in sectors like telecom, retail and defence with his senior Cabinet colleagues. Manmohan Singj, FDI cap in India, Hike in FDI cap, FDI in India, FDI in different sectors in India , Government open to debate on FDI in retail: Kamal Nath 26 Nov 2012 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] The government was open to discussions on foreign direct investment (FDI) in retail, Parliamentary Affairs Minister Kamal Nath said on Monday ahead of an all-party meeting on the ongoing logjam in the Parliament. Kamal Nath, FDI, FDI in retail, FDI in Parliament, Parliamentary panel suggests revival of pharmaceutical PSUs 16 Aug 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] New Delhi: A Parliamentary Committee has suggested revival of pharmaceutical public sector undertakings like HAL and IDPL for large scale production of affordable generic medicines to be provided to common man. Pharmaceutical public sector undertakings, Pharmaceutical companies, FDI in Pharmaceutical Sector, generic medicines, generic medicines supply, Latest news, FDI in retail: Small shops giving competition to big retailers 27 Feb 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] Traditional retailers are giving a strong competition to organised retailers and the decision to permit foreign retailers to open stores in the country will not affect small players in India, the government said on Wednesday. FDI in retail, Economic survey 2012-13, Unorganised retail sector, Kirana stores , Last word on FDI in retail has not been said: BJP 12 Jan 2013 FacebookTweetShareThisEmail [pic] BJP on Friday said the last word has not yet been said on the FDI in multi-brand retail issue and the party would revisit the decision of the UPA government if it comes to pow – See more at: http://post.jagran.com/search/disadvantages-of-fdi-in-retail/6#sthash.AYmUF1Bg.dpuf