Light Beer versus Dark Beer

Postulation StatementThere are a few contrasts between light lager (which incorporate the accompanying: American Standard Beers, American Light Beers, American Wheat Ales, Belgian Wheat Ales, Hefeweizen, and Pilsners) and dim brew (which incorporate Brown Ales, German Bocks, Nut Brown Ales, Porters, and Stouts). A portion of the distinctions incorporate their sources, the procedures associated with making or delivering it, just as, their notoriety since light lager is undeniably more well known than dull beer.OriginBoth light and dim brew came to exist in 1772 (Chronology.. n.p.). The creation of both started in 1587 when the outsiders of Virginia blended brew using corn (Chronology.. n.p.). At that point twenty years from that point forward, England sent its first shipment of lager to the foreigners of Virginia (Chronology.. n.p.). Two years from that point onward, London were at that point searching for brewers to help those settlers of Virginia; in those days ads which states, â⠂¬Å"American Help Wanted† were posted (Chronology.. n.p.). From that point forward, the principal bottling works has been organized in Manhattan by â€Å"Adrian Block and Hans Christiansen† (Chronology.. n.p.).The establishment of that distillery previously mentioned caused the introduction of â€Å"Jean Vigne† who was the â€Å"first non-local American to turn into the primary brewer horn in Manhattan† (Chronology.. n.p.). Notwithstanding that, following a couple of years, â€Å"Governor Van Twiller† alongside the â€Å"West India Company† manufactured another bottling works in New Amsterdam on Brewers Street (Chronology.. n.p.). This has been trailed by another bottling works which was based on Manhattan Island by Peter Ninuit (Chronology.. n.p.). After such a large number of distilleries have been established, a permit to open a bar in Boston has been granted to a man named Samuel Cole (Chronology.. n.p.).Three years after the fact, the â €Å"first legitimately recorded bottling works in the Massachusetts Bay Colony heavily influenced by Captain Sedgwick has been instituted† (Chronology.. n.p.). At that point another bottling works has been assembled situated in Providence, Rhode Island which has been doled out and to be driven by Sergeant Bauleton (Chronology.. n.p.). Quickly following that, â€Å"Samuel Wentworth has been given a permit to work and mix brew in New Hampshire† in 1670 (Chronology.. n.p.). Two additional distilleries were set up: one out of 1683 which was set up close to Bristol, Pennsylvania and another in 1738 which has been built up in Jekyll Island, Georgia (Chronology.. n.p.). At that point at last following 34 years, dim and light lager have been devised in England (Chronology.. n.p.).Process of Making ItIn making light lager, the main stage is to â€Å"steep the grain in water until it grows or germinates† (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). After that stage in fact alluded to as â €Å"malting†, the grain/malt is then warmed and dried â€Å"in request to prevent the malt from sprouting further† (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.) After that procedure known as â€Å"kilning†, the malt might be simmered further as per favored shading and flavor (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). The following stage is to â€Å"process the dried malt in a factory all together for the external covering of the grain to crack† (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.).After breaking it will put in a holder then it will be poured with high temp water (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). Here, the sugars contained in the grain will be separated and discharged in the water and will thus create a sweet fluid called wort also (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.). After that the â€Å"wort† will be bubbled for two hours and bounces will be included (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.).In making dull lager, the equivalent handled is followed aside from that bounces in dim lager are bubbled 30 minutes or all the more (SF Brewers Guild.. n.p.).PopularityIt is said that understudies are bound to drink light brews. This is essentially on the grounds that it is simpler to drink than dull ones. Be that as it may, a clinical advancement influenced such fame of light lager since dim brew has been demonstrated to forestall blood clusters (Peck n.p.). Notwithstanding that, it has â€Å"powerful cancer prevention agent effects† (Fauber n.p.).ConclusionBoth light and dull brews were created in 1772 having a similar history. They vary, anyway during the time spent creation it since dim lagers include additional time in bubbling bounces than in light lagers. Likewise, as far as fame, albeit dim lagers are demonstrated to be useful for the wellbeing, more individuals despite everything go for light lagers particularly school students.ReferencesChronology of the American Brewing Industry. n.d. n.a. 22 October 2007http://www.beerhistory.com/library/property/chronology.shtmlFauber, John. Dim Beer Better for Heart. 11 November 2003. The Temple News.22 October 2007http://sanctuary news.com/wp-signup.php?new=media.wwwPeck, Peggy. Dull Beer May be Better for the Heart. 11 November 2003. WebMD.22 October 2007http://www.webmd.com/diet/news/20031111/dull lager might be-better-for-heartSF Brewers Guild. How Beer is Made. n.d. n.a. 22 October 2007http://sfbrewersguild.org/beer.html

Gillette’s Acquisiton of Duracell Essay

The motivation behind this report is to initially talk about the reasons why Duracell’s execution has been diminishing in the course of recent years, and afterward suggest some vital moves Gillette should make to turn Duracell around. This report will start by giving a short presentation on the procurement of Duracell by Gillette, trailed by the reasons it needed achievement, lastly end with the proposed proposals for Duracell. Presently, Gillette’s working sections incorporate individual prepping, little apparatuses, and oral consideration items, and the versatile force portion. In the convenient force section, Duracell’s significant contenders comprise of Energizer and Rayovac while new and rising ones included Sony, Kodak, Panasonic, and other private mark brands. The aggregate passageway of these rivals during the 1990s is the essential explanations behind Gillette’s absence of achievement in the battery business, examined underneath. The key explanation Gillette has been not able to make a similar progress in batteries that it has with shaving items is because of the serious elements in the basic battery industry. The time of four years from 1997 to 2000 experienced quick mechanical development in the antacid battery industry by the significant players as well as from new and little participants in the business. Two of these little players were Sony and Panasonic. Sony presented its â€Å"Stamina Line† of batteries in 1997, which was immediately trailed by Panasonic’s â€Å"Panasonic Plus† to contend with Duracell’s â€Å"Copper top† line. Around the same time, the Rayovac Corporation supplanted its current battery with the Rayovac â€Å"Maximum† and valued the item at 20 percent underneath the two business mammoths †Duracell and Energizer. In the next year (1998), in any case, Gillette propelled its first redesign of Duracell’s contributions named the â€Å"Duracell Ultra†. This new line didn't supplant the first â€Å"Copper Top† line that was contending with the result of Sony and Panasonic in the earlier year but instead, followed Gillette’s normal move with shaving updates of setting a premium on its things. In this way, Ultra was estimated at a 20 percent premium over the more established innovation. Regardless, the opposition was all the while pouring in. The coming of Energizer’s â€Å"Advanced Formula† happened to be in a similar month as Gillette’s Ultra and was professed to last nine percent longer than the than the Ultra. The significant downside for Gillette, in any case, was that no value premium was put on the new overhaul by Energizer and was presented at a similar value point as its past item. Rather than Energizer’s redesign just as hardened rivalry from different players, Gillette propelled the â€Å"new† Ultra in February of 1999 which asserted better execution. This was invalidated by Energizer’s â€Å"super premium† line of batteries portrayed as e2 (propelled in June 2000) and was estimated four to six percent higher than Ultra. At long last, around the same time, Duracell declared its third era of Ultra with more proficiency yet no expansion in cost. This all indicated Gillette’s irregularity as far as estimating and absence of technique. Obviously the acquaintance of the Ultra drove with a progression of new advancements of antacid batteries by both Energizer and Gillette. Gillette had trusted that its developments would be separated items and be seen industry-wide as extraordinary and esteemed. Be that as it may, the organization set too high a value premium so as to accomplish separation for batteries and clients essentially didn't acknowledge the value/execution recommendation Duracell offered its clients. Further, the separation procedure that must give uniqueness esteemed by clients didn't exist as clients saw batteries to be items. One distribution of Consumer Reports even demonstrated that the â€Å"moral on battery shopping is straightforward: purchase by cost. This plainly repudiates Gillett’s methodology of cost premiums for separated contributions and is the prime purpose behind Gillette’s absence of accomplishment. In different portions of Gillette’s business, for example, individual preparing, clients are eager to pay premiums for shaving items since they feel a connection to those items as they are utilized day by day. Endeavoring to move this technique onto batteries didn't work since clients saw batteries as a ware not utilized in their day by day schedule. Then again, organizations like Rayovac have just followed a cost authority methodology and have seen increments in their working edge of 32% from 1998 to 1999 and 66% from 1999 to 2000, individually. The explanations behind Gillett’s absence of accomplishment in batteries have been laid out above. As far as key moves that Gillette should make, it first needs to veer off from its â€Å"differentiation† just strategy that it has utilized for its shaving items since obviously batteries are seen as a ware and clients won't acknowledge significant expense premiums. The proposed suggestion is to accomplish upper hand by incorporating a general cost authority system with separation. This sort of system is commonly harder for contenders to copy and will empower Gillette to give two kinds of significant worth to clients: separated characteristics (high caliber in batteries, notoriety) and lower costs (through lower costs in esteem making exercises). The thought is to give exceptional incentive to clients in a proficient way. At the end of the day, Gillette needs to receive the cost administration procedure and achieve equality based on separation comparative with contenders. Duracell should have the option to remain â€Å"on par† with contenders as for separated items. Essentially, the organization needs to seek after by and large cost administration positions in its batteries portion, yet needs to focus on developing better basic batteries. In progressively down to earth terms, Gillette would first be able to accomplish cost separation with a forceful way to deal with embracing proficient scale offices. Tight expense and overhead control can prompt economies of scale where per unit costs will altogether diminish with bigger creation runs, bigger offices, and dispensing fixed costs, (for example, showcasing and R&D) across more units delivered. Then again, shutting down plants in zones of drooping deals can prompt more prominent efficiencies in costs. Together, these arrangements will shield Gillette from contention of contenders, for example, Energizer and Rayovac (and new contestants) due to Duracell’s solid existing piece of the overall industry (43%) and notoriety in the business. Also, Gillette needs to wipe out little costs that can cumulate over some undefined time frame to yield generous increases. For instance, promoting costs have collected to $370 million from 1998 to 2000 just on account of new item dispatches every year except without need for batteries. These costs can be constrained by just directing optional statistical surveying and breaking down outside sources all the more cautiously, for example, Consumer Reports as they have shown that purchasers are purchasing batteries by cost. At last, Duracell can in any case give its clients the one of a kind worth they want through its notoriety and brand unwaveringness. Presenting a better than ever item with high caliber at regular intervals (as opposed to consistently) will permit clients to look for new quality and worth while keeping up client faithfulness. These are the proposed proposals for Gillette while considering a turnaround system for the versatile force portion and Duracell.

How to Write a True Profile Essay

How to Write a True Profile Essay A good profile essay provides the readers with a thorough portrait of a personality, company, location or an event. This should be a well-crafted story that comprises as much detail about the subject as it’s possible to fit into a few pages of the essay. The word profile means that you should describe and uncover all the hidden aspects of someone or something. It’s a descriptive essay where you don’t have to persuade your readers in something. We’ll give you the steps on how to write a profile essay to make your text stand out. When writing a profile essay, your goal is to prove that your ideas and your descriptions are straight and true to life. It’s good to plan your writing process as well as to plan the whole story. Start thinking about what you already know about the person and what you need to find out. Think of what kind of information sources you will use and how reliable they are. Make a list of actions that you need to take before planning the story itself and we’ll give you the top tips on how to write a good profile essay. What is a profile essay? A profile essay is a kind of descriptive papers where you describe a living being or a thing. It can be anyone you know as a local sports celebrity or a worldwide-known singer. Or it can be any organization that can also be a little local company or a huge worldwide corporation. If you plan to interview someone, think how easy it will be to get in touch with the right person. This type of the essay supposes writing only important and valuable things for the readers. The format of profile essay Once you get the task to write a profile essay, you will feel uncomfortable with its structure. It differs from the structure of an ordinary narrative essay. But here you will have a wider choice of approaches that you can use for writing. Scroll down to see the variants. The first thing to mind is the general tone of the story. You should keep in mind that this is an academic paper, so avoid using “you” and “I” where it’s possible. Your goal is to find a balance between a formal style and the words that will evoke the readers’ interest. Mind the focus as some students make one very common error. They shift the main focus of the story from the personality to themselves. And the author of the essay shouldn’t attract so much attention. This essay is not about you or your ideas. This paper is about the person or the thing that you have chosen yourself. The structure of profile essay A profile essay writing is not rewriting a dialogue from the interview. This is not a description of how good someone or something is. We are giving you the basic tips for writing a profile essay and choosing the right structure for it. There are two major types of the structure that you can choose from: the thematic and the chronological structure. The difference is the order of the pieces of the information that you have collected. Chronological structure It’s the most common case when it comes to profile essays. You can use the chronological order of the interview. It means that you write down the information that came in the first answer. Another approach here is to describe the life of the personality from the early days until nowadays. It’s the easiest way to build up the structure of the text, so you can use it if you have a limited period of time. Thematic structure This approach comprises the use of various situations from the life of the personality. For example, you can take an episode from the family life and another episode from the professional experience. And you can compile a great story by combining the paragraphs. You don’t have to divide the main part of the essay into two or three parts devoting each to one sphere of life. You can mix the paragraphs. But make sure there’s a logical order present in your story. How to interview the person? This is the most thrilling part of the essay preparation especially if it’s one of your favorite celebrities. You can conduct an interview face-to-face or by any kind of online communication. Hopefully, it’s not so difficult to find a profile of the required person in one of the social networks. The most important thing is to figure out what to ask. And your questions should require that person provide you with a nice piece of writing. Make up the questions only after you have examined all the information about the personality. Each of the questions should be interesting for that person, so you could get a full answer containing valuable information for the essay. Don’t ask Yes/No questions or the ones that require only a short answer. And don’t ask too many questions. It will make anyone get bored. Scroll down to see our guide to writing a profile essay. How to write a profile essay outline? An outline is a very detailed plan of the essay. It will help you organize all your ideas and thoughts into a logical structure and craft your first draft with ease. When you have your interview ready, you can start writing the outline. You can do it on paper or in any word processing software. You can even draw some sketches for the outline if it helps you put your thoughts into the right order when writing a profile essay outline. The outline should make you feel comfortable, so you can add as much detail to it as possible. You have three major parts of the essay such as the introduction, the body, and the conclusion. You should divide the outline into three parts as well. The first will be the thesis statement or some facts that will help you develop it. The second part will comprise the key phrases from the interview and the last part will contain a short summary. How to write a profile essay step-by-step? You should already have a good understanding of how to write a strong profile essay. Let’s try to make up the steps on how to write a good profile essay. Follow it and get your essay well crafted. Get in touch with the person We don’t know who you are going to write an essay about, but we’re confident that getting in touch with him or her is the first thing you should do. If you fail to conduct the interview, you will have to look for someone else and you will lose time because of this. You can even get in touch with several people to make sure you will have at least someone for the interview. Think of the title When you know who you will write about, you can think of a catching title that will make the readers look inside of the paper. Of course, you should not forget that you’re crafting an academic paper, but we’re all people and we all want something intriguing and compelling. Don’t make the title boring and don’t rush to use the first words that come to your mind. Define the structure That’s right, you should clear up the structure before conducting the interview. It will be easier for you to think of the questions and see if you have enough information. If you choose the chronological order, you will need to make up questions that will comprise some specific period of time. And if you choose the thematic structure, you should think what aspects you want to write about. Make up the questions This is one of the steps to writing a profile essay that you cannot ignore. Make up from five to ten questions that require telling you a lot of information. Of course, there are magic people that can provide you with only one word even if the question requires a few sentences. You can think of a few more questions that you will use in such a case. Conduct the interview You can do in in several ways: By the phone; By online messengers; By emailing; Face-to-face. Just pick up the most suitable variant and don’t forget to thank the persona for answering your questions. And scroll down to see more tips on how to write a perfect profile essay. Develop the thesis This is the core sentence of the whole paper. It should reflect the reason why you are doing this task and what’s so special about the personality that you are writing the whole essay about him or her. This sentence should also contain the most interesting fact about the person you are writing about. You can start writing the essay from this very sentence and develop the whole story out of it. Get your text ready It’s time to make your outline and your first draft right after it. You can also google how to write a profile essay example to see how other students build up a good composition of the text. Don’t forget to edit and revise your text in a few days after you finish it. And don’t forget to proofread it as well. We have given you the most valuable tips on writing a profile essay, so do your best to make a good impression on the readers.

Fall of Man Depicted in Atwoods Backdrop Addresses...

Fall of Man Depicted in Atwoodsnbsp; Backdrop Addresses Cowboynbsp;nbsp; The sexual politics of the man-woman relationship, or more specifically the sexual exploitation of women by men, is a clear concern in Margaret Atwoods Backdrop Addresses Cowboy. Although the oppressor-as-male theme is by no means an original source of poetic inspiration, Atwoods distinction is that she views the destructive man-woman relationship as a metaphor for, symptom and symbol of, bigger things. From the vantage-point of feminine consciousness, Margaret Atwood empahsizes the backdrop as being not only the woman, but also the land and the spiritual life of the universe; the cowboy is both a man bent on personal gain (possibly an American based†¦show more content†¦Perhaps the creation of a relatively structureless poem intentionally suggests by Atwood that no adequate structure exists to make the images of pain and death meaningful. The literal meaning of the first stanza is not difficult to grasp as it introduces an actor portraying a cowboy against a western backdrop on a movie set. Starspangled suggests his costume is less than authentic and is worn more for commercial appeal than factual representation. The almost-silly west and paper-mache cactus perpetuate the artifice of the western movie by setting a scene which relies on props and phony imagery. Even the actors porcelain grin is weak and easily broken. The implicit reality of this stanza is that the cowboy is a symbol of Americanism. he represents the triumph og man over nature, the taming of the west. the cowboy embodies imperialistic strength and he is idolized for his heroism by millions of people who are influenced by mass-media propaganda, namely, the western movie. The second stanza, though only two lines in length and undifferentiate by lack of punctuation, carries a powerful message. the cowboys virtue is directly compared to the dangerous, criminal potential of a bullet in a simile

Biography of Charles Kettering, Inventor of the Electrical Ignition System

The first electrical ignition system or electric starter motor for cars was invented by General Motors (GM) engineers Clyde Coleman and Charles Kettering. The self-starting ignition was first installed in a Cadillac on February 17, 1911. The invention of the electric starter motor by Kettering eliminated the need for hand cranking. The United States Patent #1,150,523, was issued to Kettering in 1915.   Kettering  founded the company Delco and headed research at  General Motors  from 1920 to 1947.   Early Years Charles was born in  Loudonville, Ohio, in 1876. He was the fourth of five children born to Jacob Kettering and Martha Hunter Kettering. Growing up he could not see well in school, which gave him headaches. After graduation, he became a teacher. He led scientific demonstrations for students on electricity, heat, magnetism, and gravity. Kettering also took classes at  The College of Wooster, and then transferred to  The Ohio State University. He still had eye problems, though, which forced him to withdraw. He then worked as foreman of a telephone line crew. He learned he could apply his electrical engineering skills on the job. He also met his future wife, Olive Williams. His eye problems got better, and he was able to go back to school. Kettering graduated from OSU in 1904 with an  electrical engineering  degree. Inventions Begin Kettering began working at a research laboratory at  National Cash Register. He invented an easy credit approval system, a precursor to todays credit cards, and the electric cash register, which made ringing up sales physically much easier for sales clerks all over the country.  During his five years at NCR, from 1904 to 1909, Kettering earned 23 patents for NCR.   Beginning in 1907, his NCR co-worker  Edward A. Deeds​  urged Kettering to improve the automobile. Deeds and Kettering invited other NCR engineers, including  Harold E. Talbott​, to join them in their quest. They first set out to improve the ignition.  In 1909, Kettering resigned from NCR to work full-time on automotive developments which included the invention of the  self-starting  ignition. Freon   In 1928, Thomas Midgley, Jr. and Kettering invented a Miracle Compound called Freon. Freon is now infamous for greatly adding to the depletion of the earths ozone shield. Refrigerators from the late 1800s until 1929 used the toxic  gases, ammonia (NH3), methyl chloride (CH3Cl), and sulfur dioxide (SO2), as refrigerants. Several fatal accidents occurred in the 1920s because of methyl chloride leakage from  refrigerators. People started leaving their refrigerators in their backyards. A collaborative effort began between three American corporations, Frigidaire, General Motors, and DuPont to search for a less dangerous method of refrigeration. Freon represents several different chlorofluorocarbons, or CFCs, which are used in commerce and industry. The CFCs are a group of aliphatic organic compounds containing the elements carbon and fluorine, and, in many cases, other halogens (especially chlorine) and hydrogen. Freons are colorless, odorless, nonflammable, noncorrosive  gases  or liquids. Kettering died in November 1958.

Optical Fiber Corp Case Analysis Free Essays

string(248) " substitute for the fiber-to-home and fiber-to-curb applications of either multimode or single mode fibers but by the mid 2000’s the lowered cost of production of single mode fibers will likely make this the preferred choice for these functions\." Case Analysis: Optical Fiber Corporation Introduction Optical Fiber Corporation (OFC) is a financially successful, albeit relatively small manufacturer of multimode optical fibers. The company was founded in 1990. The founders were able to enter the market largely on the basis of acquiring patent licenses from larger optical fiber firms. We will write a custom essay sample on Optical Fiber Corp Case Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now These licenses restricted competition between the entities and provided OFC with instant access to optical fiber technology. In return, OFC’s customer base is limited by the license agreements and royalties of 7% on sales of licensed products (recently renegotiated to 9%) are paid to the licensors. Despite these handicaps the firm has grown in size and profitability. OFC makes several types of multimode optical fiber including specialty niche products they have developed outside of any license agreements. All customers are cable manufacturers that convert the fibers to optical fiber cable. Three such firms account for over 70% of OFC’s revenues. Focusing on customer service, quality and product design and process improvements has proved a winning business model to date. OFC now faces a variety of challenges including the expiration of many of the patents that afford most of its profits. This raises the real possibility of new competitors in the market. Further, while in the past multimode and single mode optical fibers have generally been used for data communications and telecommunications respectively and as such were not in direct competition with each other, the advent of cheaper manufacturing processes for single mode fibers coupled with their inherent ability to transmit data more efficiently over longer distances may make them a more appealing choice for some of the uses that historically have favored multimode fibers. OFC is at now at a crossroads where they must decide if they are to stay in the multimode fiber business only, begin producing single mode fibers as well, or even enter the cabling business with a forward integration strategy. Competition in the Optical Fiber Industry The optical fiber industry is perhaps best considered as two industries that are closely related, the multimode fiber and the single mode fiber industries. The multimode industry in which OFC specializes is very competitive. The United States’ 2001 total optical fiber market was approximately 3. 5 million kilometers only 330 thousand of which was multimode. The value of the multimode market was $65 million that year, only a fifth that of the single mode market. Within the multimode market and a number of fiber manufacturers. The main rivals for OFC are the two licensors to whom they pay royalties. These firms are considerably larger and have greater resources with which to compete. Further, they have a competitive advantage in that they are the recipients of royalty payments rather than the firm making those payments. Also they are in a position to control the extent of OFC’s market penetration at least with respect to their licensed products. OFC has responded by creating high quality products and providing exceptional customer service. In addition, OFC has made improvements to the basic design of some of the licensed fibers making them, in a real sense new products. The R and D department at OFC has also been successful at developing new and less expensive manufacturing processes, which has helped to offset the added overhead of the royalty payments. Finally, OFC has developed specialty fibers with medical, aircraft, aerospace and extreme environment applications. These new fibers will not be subject to royalty payments, competition from new entrants until patents expire years in the future, and generally afford higher profit margins than other optical fiber products. New entrants to the market are a threat to OFC and all other fiber producers. New firms must contend with the high capitalization costs of this technologically demanding and exacting industry. One of the costs of optical fiber production is the R and D required to bring successful products to market. Between 1999 and 2007 the patents for many of the basic fibers produced by OFC and its licensors will expire. New firms entering the market will be free to produce the products once protected under those patents without having incurred any R and D costs. These firms will also be free from royalty payments to licensors or any restrictive covenants such as those under which OFC operates. The industry in general, and OFC in particular, must contend with the purchasing power of its buyers. Optical fiber is converted into optical fiber cable. In the United States there are twenty companies that perform this function. OFC sells over 70% of their fiber to just three. The loss of any of these accounts could be devastating for OFC and places them in a weak position when negotiating prices, at least when the products are those which are readily available from other multimode fiber producers. It is doubtful that switching costs would be high for buyers. Favoring OFC and the optical fiber market are the projections for increased demand for multimode optical fibers at least through the mid 2000’s. Sources of increased demand for multimode fiber are anticipated to include: cable TV, undersea cables, local area networks (LAN) as well as general data communications growth such as computer uses. As noted the single mode optical fiber market is much larger than the multimode market. It too, is expected to see significant growth over the next several years. Single mode fibers have the advantage of efficiently transmitting data over long distances, faster transmission rates and other desirable optical properties but until recently have been more expensive to produce. The advent of cheaper production methods will allow single mode fibers to enter markets that were once dominated by multimode fibers. Production of these fibers requires expensive specialized manufacturing equipment and a significant commitment to R and D. The industry includes one of the OFC licensors. Substitute products for single mode fibers include microwaves, and satellites for telecommunications. Impact seems limited. Copper wire can be used as a substitute for the fiber-to-home and fiber-to-curb applications of either multimode or single mode fibers but by the mid 2000’s the lowered cost of production of single mode fibers will likely make this the preferred choice for these functions. You read "Optical Fiber Corp Case Analysis" in category "Essay examples" Finally, it should be noted that suppliers are unlikely to exert competitive forces on the fiber optics markets. The materials used in the production of fibers are commodities of low value such as glass, certain gases and oxide particles. OFC Strengths OFC has many strengths. The firm is financially strong with record sales and earnings for the last year as well as increased manufacturing capacity. Furthermore, there was a $20 million backlog for optical fibers in the last year and orders are increasing. There was net income of $6. 1million on revenue of $48. million in 2002. The Quick Ratio, a measure of a firm’s ability to meet short-term debt obligations (Current Assets – Inventories)/Current Liabilities = ($31. 0m – $6. 6m)/$12. 5 = 2. 0 is very solid. Return on equity (Net Income/Equity) = $6. 1m/$44. 0m = 13. 9% is also very impressive. OFC has developed new specialty products for medical, military, commercial aircraft, aerospace and severe environment uses . These are likely to receive patents and will not require royalty payments and will be protected from competitors for years to come. The firm has a variety of options to confront the challenges of the changing market place. OFC has patent licenses to produce optical cables that would allow for forward integration if they chose to move in that direction. Engineers at OFC have been able to find new ways to produce old products more efficiently reducing production costs. They have also developed adaptations of existing products to create new and unique demands for those products. OFC is in an industry that is expected to enjoy strong growth for at least the next several years. That demand will come from a variety of industries adding stability to the market. The equipment needed to produce optical fiber is expensive and the expertise demanding creating, a relative barrier to entry. Copper wire as a substitute is relatively expensive and as technological advances decrease the cost of optical fibers copper will become a non-entity. Perhaps most importantly, OFC has a strong reputation for quality, service and competitive pricing. OFC Weaknesses OFC is a small company. They were only able to enter the market by virtue of other firms’ products and license agreements. Those licenses have protected OFC from competition but have also limited the scope of its customer base and added significant fixed costs in royalty payments. Royalties will now increase to 9% (after paying a one time $3 million fee) on 85% of sales. Furthermore, while OFC is paying royalties to use these patents new entrants may soon be competing as patents expire. These firms will have essentially no R and D expense and of course no royalty payments potentially allowing them to produce at costs below those of OFC. OFC must also contend with a limited number of buyers. Over 70% of sales are to just three cable producers. The ability of OFC to increase prices to these large purchasers is doubtful. If even one of these customers were lost to an alternative fiber optic producer the effect on OFC could be dramatic. OFC operates in a competitive industry that will become more so with time. Copper wire manufacturers will turn to optical cable production to stay relevant. Overseas producers, already sources of competition to OFC, are likely to play a larger role in the future. Finally, OFC’s success has been built on quality, service and innovation. One or more competitor can potentially offer all of these. OFC’s Core Competencies OFC manufactures multimode, high quality optical fiber for cabling companies that convert that fiber into cable for a variety of data communications uses. The firm has a reputation for low prices and excellent customer service. Much of their success can be attributed to their R and D program, which has developed cost saving production technologies as well as product innovations. More recently, OFC has shown itself to be an innovator, developing entirely new multimode optical fiber products that fill a variety of unique niche functions. To continue producing and selling multimode optical fiber successfully, OFC needs to prepare for increased competition as patent protections expire. As new entrants begin producing many of the higher volume OFC products, likely at lower cost given their lack of R and D and royalty expenses, OFC will need to spend additional resources on developing decreased costs of production if they are to continue selling those products profitably. They will need to maintain their focus on quality and customer service. In part that will require continued product testing. They may wish to explore, however, if testing 100% of products as is current policy is necessary or if testing samples from each batch would serve as well and save money. OFC will need to continue to support R and D to develop new products and patentable improvements on existing ones. Options Available for Growth Pursuit of Niche Markets OFC has already demonstrated an ability to develop marketable niche multimode fibers. Previously created are fibers able to withstand high radiation nvironments for nuclear reactor and military applications, a fiber that can tolerate deep underwater submersion and a third tolerant of high heat conditions. They have also successfully experimented with a fiber capable of transmitting UV light and another with unique medical and scientific uses. To continue their development program for specialty fibers will require annual R and D spending increases of $400,000 and an additional annual expenditure for three new staff totaling $325,000. Outside firms can be hired to handle sales for 10% commissions. When sales volumes are adequate, salaried OFC employees can be used instead. The calculation as to when this makes financial sense for the firm is simple; when 10% of sales exceed the salary and benefit expenses of the needed in-house sales force then sales should become an OFC operation. The advantage of niche products is the lack of competition and relatively higher margins. Develop Single Mode Fiber Capacity OFC could choose to enter the much larger single mode fiber market. It is estimated that this will require a capital investment of $4 million for new plant and equipment. It will take a year for the new facilities to be operational. There will also be a reported one time R and D expense of $2. 5 million. This is a first year expense so it cannot be capitalized. It can reasonably be assumed that there will be additional R and D expenses going forward although presumably these would be considerably lower than the initial expense. Entering the single mode market places OFC in competition with larger firms than it currently faces with greater resources to sell products with thinner margins and would divert OFC resources from their core business functions. Forward Integration A third option for OFC is to produce optical cable. The required patent licenses are available. Two options for this forward integration strategy exist. OFC can commit $5 million in capital investments and plan on spending an additional $500,000 annually for R and D or they can simply purchase a cabling company for an estimated $10 – 15 million in capital expenditure. There is currently an excess supply of cable and cabling firms and several are in danger of bankruptcy and so an acquisition should be feasible. Forward integration raises several concerns. Regardless of the approach taken, entering the fiber optic cable business will be expensive for OFC. This is a market that is already experiencing an excess of capacity so it can be assumed that at least for some time to come profits in the cabling industry will be squeezed. This is not a core business function of OFC but to pursue cable production will be so expensive as to necessarily draw resources away from some of the firm’s core activities, activities that are likely to be more profitable and entail less financial risk. Finally, one needs to consider that all of OFC’s customers are cable producers. If OFC enters this market they will become a competitor of their customers. It seems highly probable that at least some of these optical fiber buyers will respond in a retaliatory manner and switch to alternate suppliers. Most of OFC’s products are not unique and can be supplied by their licensors. The three large buyers would seem in a particularly strong position to adversely respond to any entry into the cabling market by OFC. OFC Policy Statement In choosing a direction for the future growth of OFC several considerations should be kept in mind. First, OFC has been successful in large part because of its focus on quality. Any efforts at growth should not come at the expense of producing high quality products. Second, the firm must continue to provide a high level of customer service. This should include responsiveness to customers’ needs for new products and product features when those offerings are commensurate with the firm’s vision, available or attainable expertise and when economically viable. Finally, the firm should continue to fund R and D efforts to allow for a continuous pipeline of new products and improvements to existing ones in an effort to maintain a unique competitive position in the market. OFC has been successful in competing against larger firms by avoiding head to head competition. Initially this was accomplished through license agreements alone. Later, the firm was able to create unique improvements to existing products and processes that gave it an advantage. Most recently OFC has created unique patentable products. These represent three different ways of avoiding direct competition. Despite their growth, OFC remains a relatively small firm in the optical fiber space and should continue to eschew direct competition when possible, realizing that the market is dominated by larger and better-funded firms. Recommendations OFC should stay out of the cable producing business. This market is the least profitable, most expensive to enter and likely to have the lowest return on investment. It is also likely to result in retaliation by current customers and reduced sales. The single mode market is much larger than the multimode market but as a consequence will bring OFC in contact with larger firms that already have the equipment and knowledge base to produce these products. A small firm with limited resources should not leave its core competencies behind to take on firms that are already in place. OFC needs to continue to make niche products whether they are improvements on old multimode fibers or new fibers with unique properties and functions. This firm will never be a big player in the highly competitive optical fiber industry, they arrived too late and don’t have the capital to displace the dominant firms. Given that projections are for most of the increased demand for optical fibers to occur through the mid to late 2000’s OFC may want to watch for an opportune time to sell to one of these larger entities, perhaps a single mode fiber producer to whom the OFC product line would prove complimentary. How to cite Optical Fiber Corp Case Analysis, Essay examples

Caring Culture for Oncology Nursing Practice-myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCaring Culture for Oncology Nursing Practice. Answer: Introduction The nurse is the heart of health care. Oncology nursing is among the most challenging yet rewarding fields. Nurses have a lot of roles to play when it comes to patient care. The oncology nurses deal with a cancer patient, these are patients with chronic illness who need a lot of care. Oncology nurses always have the majority of work in the hospitals, they do a lot of chores related to caring for patients within the medical facilities right from diagnosis. In the past ten years, a majority of nurses raised a lot of issues or rather concern related to the quality of healthcare services they provided to the patients in the medical facilities. Nurses complained about too much workforce within their areas of expertise which in turn resulted to poor health care for the patients with chronic illness. The ecology nurses are an important team in the healthcare sector, these nurses often go through emotional and psychological problems relating to their caregiving at the health institutions. Cancer treatment involves a lot of things and stages most of the cancer patients who are under treatment cannot do their daily living activities, they need the support of the nurse in doing some basic activities like bathing, feeding, among others (Prescher-Hughes, Alkhoudairy, 2007). The nurses also provide both emotional and psychological support to the patients as part of their caregiving. Patients with cancer go through a lot of processes and throughout the sessions, it is the nurses who provide all information needed for the purpose of treatment, and therapy sessions. Changes in Ecology nursing in the past 5-10 years Nurses in the past ten years had a lot of inconsistency related to the care of cancer patients because some lacked required knowledge on how to take care of cancer patient, and the nurses were few compared to today. Nursing informatics and telemedicine are some of the two nursing specialties out of many others that have experienced dramatic adjustment in the last ten years. The new technology experienced over and over again today has somehow helped the nurses in advancing healthcare treatment for patients in medical facilities. With the increase in technology concerning cancer care, new cancers are emerging and even more expected in the future, hence the rapidly growing demand for much more improved technology for cancer care for the patient (Chernecky, Murphy-Ende, 2009). The oncology nurses use informatics and telemedicine nursing to take care of patients with chronic diseases. Telemedicine is adversely changing how the nurses provide patient care with the increasing number of intensive care units. This technology has greatly increased ability in monitoring the progression of vital signs, adjusting patients safety, identifying unstable psychological status, and also detecting arrhythmias and preventing falls among others (Chatswood, Barton-burke, Krau, 2017). These specialties in nursing have increased leadership opportunities and general health care for patients with chronic illnesses (Yarbro, Buchsel, 2005). Oncology nurses play the majority roles and its important that these nurses are also cared fo r in order to provide a better service delivery. The number of oncology nurses is today increasing with the new registered nurses being trained in their specialty for an improved service delivery to the consumers Rice, n.d. There are some factors which sometimes hinder adequate health care services to patients with chronic illness and the nurses quality of work for example, the increase in demand for care to patients whose numbers are relatively high than the nurses, the aging workforce, decreasing interests in private practices, lack of adequate knowledge on how to care for patients with chronic illnesses, rural areas are sidelined, and burnout which has been the major problem (Fieler, Hanson, 2000). These problems affecting nurses are the major reasons as to why some patients end up not getting the required treatment and even some patients end up dying because of lack of adequate information and knowledge on their treatment schedules. Nurses are human as well and despite the fact that they are guided by laws and principles, they sometimes also fall victims of the situation. Their responsibility to handle emotional and psychological situations that the patient is going through is not easy and thats why sometimes they get affected mentally, physically and emotionally and therefore, not fit to offer quality care for the patients (Stoller, Stoller, 2016). With the evolution of new technology in cancer treatment, the nurses are being trained on how to handle such kind of pain and difficult situations for them to also help the patients with chronic illness in their pain and agony (Neeraja, 2011). Person centered perspective There has been cancer treatment in the past decades and with the rapid increase in the change in technology, research, and treatment, there has been a big gap closed in relation to cancer patients care and treatment mortality rate. The oncology nurses today have the knowledge required for them in handling cancer patients right from diagnosis to the whole treatment process till recovery and nurses bear the responsibility of taking care of the patients with a positive attitude and optimism to make the patient feel comfortable during their treatment (Christ, Messner, Behar, 2015). Nurses have various roles that are required of them when taking care of the patients. First, it is their responsibility is the patient's assessment, the nurses should be able to assess a patients past health history, emotional and physical health, health practices and to make the family have a knowledge of the disease and treatment required (Barton-Burke, Wilkes, Ingwersen, 2001). The second role of the oncology nurses is to educate the patient, these nurses often have a priority compared to other members of the health team in having a one on one communication with the patient. The nurses educate both the patient and family members to familiarize them with the disease and its stages of treatment for the purpose of working in a unified manner with the family for a positive outcome at the end of the patients treatment. Another role of oncology nurses is coordination of care which is the most important role as it puts together multiple and complicated current technologies used in cancer diagnosis and treatment. This care involves direct care to the cancer patient and this is done through, management of symptoms, arranging referrals, medical record documentation and getting involved in therapy sessions (Moorcraft, Lee, Cunningham, 2014). The patients have the right to take the nurse's contact detail in case of any inquiry about health-related issues concerning the patients treatment. With improved modern cancer care, coordination also involves communication with different health staff to improve health care to cancer patients. Evidence of finding from observation There are variable responses concerning the question of the level of satisfaction working in oncology. Some caregivers said that they were satisfied with the care and support they gave to their patients and that they are happy seeing their patients get the help they need in a professional way. Others said that oncology is so depressing and it is sad for them because they know that cancer cannot be cured and they get worried about the patient and the care that their family will have to give them on a daily basis. But at the end, no one was willing to leave their area of expertise. Different cancer patients experience different situations during their treatments, there are those who experience great care from their caregivers throughout their treatment period and those who have had a difficult time with their caregivers during their treatment (Barraclough, 1999). A patient who experienced great care from the caregiver said that, building the bond between her and the caregiver was the b est thing she ever did, this is because it is through that bond that she was able to learn a lot about her sickness and the treatment process, it is through the bond that she had the courage and believe that she would go through the treatment process with someone who believed in her and gave her the best care when she really needed it (McCormack and McCance 2006). She continues to say that relationship with the caregiver is very vital because the caregiver provides a lot of support both to the patient and the family, and with that, she had a positive attitude towards the treatment and her medications. Another patient said that through good communication and understanding with the caregiver, she was able to open up and ask her caregiver any question that came into her mind and she never hesitated to answer any single one of them. And through this, the caregiver was able to know her preference and how she wanted her treatment to be which has really been great impact throughout the treatment period. Those patients who do not get along with the nurses often have a hard time during their treatment, because they have low self-esteem and a negative attitude towards themselves. And these patients often do their own research and do what they think is right for them and the majority end up having complex symptoms which worsen their conditions. Caregivers are there to offer care to their patients and thats their area of expertise. It is important that they learn how to deal with patients because most of them are frustrated and gave up. Their training should incorporate dealing with such issu es, but on the other hand, it is the patients responsibility to get along with the caregivers for them to get better treatments by understanding their disease and the treatment process involved (McCormack and McCance 2006). If a patient gives a nurse a humble time and an opportunity to work professionally then the patient will develop a positive energy in going through her treatment. Communication as a tool in oncology nursing The current caring culture experienced by patients has improved compared to the past decades. In todays care environment the nurses have better skills and knowledge required of them however much it has not yet fully hit the targets. According to Garrett, Happ, Costello, FriedOken (2007) the strategies, techniques, and devices of Argumentative and alternative communication (AAC) can be used significantly to solve communication barriers that may hinder effective communication (Bott, Endacott, Watts, 2006). Effective communication is identified as a necessity across the health care repeatedly because it directly affects the quality of patient care. This communication care model is important in any kind of environment, it is through communication that the caregiver is able to understand the patients need. Therefore, communication is a vital tool the current caring culture because, through communication, the nurse is able to educate the patient and also listen to the patient, it is throu gh communication that both the nurses and patient can come to a consensus and it is important also in the decision making process (Happ, Roesch, Garrett, 2004). Communication has adversely increased the patient-nurse relationship which has positively influenced the patients participation in the treatment. This care model is based on a patient-centered model which enhances understanding of the patients need. This tool has mostly been used in different health care specialties to understand the patients need and to assist them in solving issues that may arise. Through communication patients can easily express themselves, for example a patient who cannot read and write would need the help of a nurse to maybe help in filling forms and explaining medical terms, without communication there cannot be quality health care but instead misunderstandings, and this can lead to poor diagnosis which may later create a lot of complications to the patient. Quality services benefit both the patient and the nurse and this is the reward of most nurses, to see that their patients have fully recovered or on their journey to recovery (O'Donnell, 2008). If the nurses are committed to quality care services by involving the patients in every step required by educating them and at the same time hearing their views reduces the risk of poor treatment of such patients. The current caring culture has nurtured caregive rs to be the immediate contact person of the patient, and this practice has helped a lot because it creates instant responses because of a good communication channel. If a patient starts experiencing different reactions after a certain treatment and they communicate with the caregiver explaining what he feels, the caregiver will immediately take action and look for an alternative for the patient. Communication as a tool is also important between the caregivers and the health team in a medical facility, because through communication, and the nurse is able to ask the health team questions about particular symptoms and even seek the necessary advice from the healthcare team on how to handle situations regarding a patients illness Wittenberg-Lyles, 2013. All this is important because it can affect the patients outcome positively or negatively. The current health care has advanced the communication system between caregiver and the patient by introducing the telemedicine through which they can monitor their patients and communicate even if they are not within the health facility. With this improved communication system the patients are certain of quality treatment and assessment by their caregivers. Although nurses should not only rely on technology as the basis of communication. Patients with chronic illness may sometimes develop some conditions overnight. Some patients may stop hearing, talking, seeing, and even stroke which may interfere with the brain also known as behavioral barriers. According to Kissane (2017), it would be of help if the nurses are trained on other means of communication so that if in any case, the patient experience such difficulties the nurse is still in a position to take care of the patient without having a misunderstanding or looking for an interpreter. In such cases, the nurse will have to reevaluate the methods of communication in order to understand the patient. This may not be an easy task if the nurse has no single idea on how to adapt to a patients condition causing some nurses to react in return the patient may be affected and they may refuse to communicate. Another communication barrier that may hinder communication between the caregiver and the patient is a language barrier. People come from different communities speaking different languages, which some nurses may not understand, this will force the nurse to look for someone who speaks the same dialect to translate and this may lead to slow and late treatment of the patient. Cultural barrier also affects communication because of the diverse culture that people come from, for example, a patient can be from a culture where they do not know how to read and write but with AAC it is possible to support health literacy for this kind of patients (Yarbro, Wujcik, GobeL, 2011). Recommendation Training of nurses is a recommendation that would go a long way to helping to curb these kinds of barriers which may affect effective communication. Health literacy is important to all patients, especially with chronic illness. There should be public awareness in educating the patients of symptoms of different diseases and illnesses in order to improve response to medical checkups. However much technology has adversely improved health care for patients with chronic illness, the care given to them is way more important than the treatment its self, meaning nurses are a necessity to any healthcare facility. The nurses should develop a positive culture whereby they understand their patients despite their barriers. They should also create a bond with their patients for the purpose of understanding each other and progressing together throughout the treatment and decision making (Patlak, Levit, 2009). The government should also put in adequate measures to help improve the nurses welfare. T he government should train more nurses about oncology nursing to help in reducing fatigue and other factors that may influence low productivity in caregiving (Chang, Daly, 2016). The government should also put in place adequate facilities in the health facilities to accommodate all cancer patients including those in rural places who need care units for the need of better treatment. Information should be spread throughout to reach everyone including the indigenous groups and those who live in rural areas to be aware of the chronic disease and their effects. The human resource should implement strategic measures that protect the nurses by introducing shifts in the workforce because the nurses also have families and due to excess work and the demand they do not have time for their families. The patients need great care throughout their treatment and they should also be cooperative and open to the nurses for them to have quality treatment because through cooperation the nurses will be able to understand what they want and help them or advise them accordingly ((Schaffer, NorlandeR, 2009). Conclusion Cancer is the chronic illness that affects people across all ages and those who are at high risk of getting cancer are those in the old age. Cancer comes in different form and shape, and we have a wide variety of cancer types and with the improved technology more types of cancer are being discovered. Cancer patients are vulnerable and their treatment can make them go through a lot of pain, weight loss, and hair loss among others and throughout the treatment they have the oncology nurses who are their caregivers and managers. Oncology nursing demands a lot of time, care, and demand. These nurses are the caregivers and they have taken it as their responsibility to make sure that patients who are suffering from chronic illness get absolute care throughout their treatment. It is our responsibility to be patient with the nurses and also understand their pain and struggle in taking care of the patients. Nurses are the backbone of any health facility because they are the ones who provide a majority of the services in the health facilities. Nurses are a phenomenon in their line of duty and they deserve rewards and appreciation for the work they are doing because they sacrifice their time and energy to make sure that the patients have the best care as possible. Nurses undergo a lot of stressors especially when they see they see a cancer patient dying, this makes the other cancer patient not to fight back, but the nurses take in all their patients and families pain but they do not give up on their patients, they care for them to the very end. Without the caregivers, most cancer patients would not make it because of the kind of work that the nurses do in order to support them through the process of treatment. Above all the government has done a tremendous job in supporting new technology and funding researches with the aim of better health care treatment for patients with chronic illness. References Barraclough, J. 1999.Cancer and emotion: a practical guide to psycho-oncology. Chichester, J. Wiley. Barton-Burke, M., Wilkes, G. M., Ingwersen, K. 2001.Cancer chemotherapy: a nursing process approach. Sudbury, MA, Jones and Bartlett. Bott, M., Endacott, R., Watts, R. 2006. "Barriers in Providing Psychosocial Support for patients with cancer." Cancer Nursing. 29(4):309-316. Chang, E. M. L., Daly, J. 2016.Transitions in nursing: preparing for professional practice. Chatswood, N.S.W., Barton-burke, M., Krau, S. D. 2017.Advances in oncology nursing. Available at https://nls.ldls.org.uk/welcome.html?ark:/81055/vdc_100040750099.0x000001.Elsevier. Chernecky, C. C., Murphy-Ende, K. 2009.Acute care oncology nursing. https://www.cli Christ, G. H., Messner, C., Behar, L. C. 2015.Handbook of oncology social work: psychosocial care for people with cancer. Fieler, V. K., Hanson, P. A. 2000.Oncology nursing in the home. Pittsburgh, Penn, Oncology Nursing Press. Garrett, K., Happ, M.B., Costello, J. FriedOken, M. 2007. AAC in the ICU. In D. Beukelman, K. Garrett, K. Yorkson, (Eds.) Augmentative Communication Strategies for Adults with Acute or Chronic Medical Conditions. Baltimore, MD: Paul H. Brookes Publishing Company. Happ, M., Roesch, T. Garrett, K. 2004. "Electronic voice output communication aids for temporarily nonspeaking patients in a medical intensive care unit." Heart and Lung, vol.33, no.1 pp 92-101. Kissane, D. W. 2017.Oxford textbook of communication in oncology and palliative care. [Place of publication not identified], oxford Univ Press. McCormack B and McCance T 2006. "Development of a framework for person centered nursing." Journal of Advanced Nursing, 56(5): 1-8. McCormack B and McCance T 2006. "Making practice visible: The Workplace Culture Critical Analysis Tool (WCCAT)."Practice Development in Health Care. Vol. 8. No. 1. pp 28-43. Moorcraft, S. Y., Lee, D. L. Y., Cunningham, D. 2014.Clinical problems in oncology: a practical guide to management. Neeraja, K. P. 2011.Textbook of communication and education technology for nurses. New Delhi, Jaypee Bros. Medical Publishers. O'Donnell, D. 2008.Problem solving in oncology. Oxford, England: Clinical Publishing Press. Patlak, M., Levit, L. A. 2009.Ensuring quality cancer care through the oncology workforce: sustaining care in the 21st century; workshop summary. Washington, D.C., National Academies Press. Available at https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=3378493. Prescher-Hughes, D. S., Alkhoudairy, C. J. 2007.Clinical practice protocols in oncology nursing. Sudbury, Mass, Jones and Bartlett Publishers. Rice, V. H. n.d..Handbook of stress, coping, and health: implications for nursing research, theory, and practice / Virginia Hill Rice, editor. Schaffer, M., NorlandeR, L. 2009.Being present: a nurse's resource for end-of-life communication. Indianapolis, IN, Sigma Theta Tau International. Stoller, P., Stoller, M. 2016.Climbing the mountain: cancer, exercise, and well-being. Wittenberg-Lyles, E. 2013.Communication in palliative nursing. Oxford, Oxford University Yarbro, C. H., Buchsel, P. C. 2005.Oncology nursing in the ambulatory setting: issues and models of care. Sudbury, Mass, Jones and Bartlett Publishers. https://public.eblib.com/choice/publicfullrecord.aspx?p=4037411. Yarbro, C. H., Wujcik, D., GobeL, B. H. 2011.Cancer nursing: principles and practice. 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